Term
| A physician that specializes in the treatment of kidney disorders |
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Definition
| Nephrologist (Renal Physician) |
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Term
| A surgical physician that specializes in the urinary tracts of males and females, and adrenal glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are male urogential disorders often present in the PT setting? |
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Definition
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Term
| The initial symptoms for some of these disorders could be back pain, a condition for which PTs needs to differentiate its origin. |
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Definition
| Male urogenital disorders |
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Term
| Inflammation of the prostate gland; can be acute or chronic, bacterial or non-bacterial. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hallmark of chronic prostatitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Affects millions of men. The prevalence is highest among men in their 40s. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the risk factors for prostatitis? |
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Definition
| History of UTI and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), recent urethral catheterization or instrumentation and multiple sex partners |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations for prostatitis? |
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Definition
| Pain: dull, diffuse pain occurring in low back, lower abdominal, rectal, sacral, groin/pelvic regions |
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Term
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Definition
| Prostatitis may mimic cystitis; increased urinary urgency and frequency, fever, chills, urethral discharge; rectal exam usually reveals a tender, warm, boggy prostate |
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Term
| How can prostatitis be treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| An age-related nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland; after age 50, ~75% of men have this and 90% after age 80 |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of BPH are due to compression of the urethra by the enlarged prostate. What are the symptoms? |
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Definition
| Hesitancy, decreased stream, incomplete voiding of the bladder and risk of UTI, nocturia |
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Term
| What are the treatments for BPH? |
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Definition
Mild symptoms: Observation
Moderate to severe symptoms: Two conventional tx to alleviate the obstruction of urine flow (TURP and meds) |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical Transurethral Resection of the prostate |
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Term
| What is a pharmacological medication that can be used to treat BPH? |
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Definition
| Androgen suppression drugs |
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Term
| The most common form of cancer in men? |
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Definition
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Term
| An estimated 234,460 new cases of this occurred in the US in 2006. |
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Definition
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Term
| Incidence rates of this are significantly higher in african americans than whites |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the 3rd leading cause of cancer death with an estimated 27,000 deaths in 2006? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the risk factors for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
>50 years, 65% are 65+
African american and jamaican men
Common in north america and northwest europe; rare in asia and south america
Family history
High fat diet |
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Term
| Early prostate cancer is __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Advanced prostate cancer presents how? |
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Definition
-Urinary flow obstruction similar to those caused by BPH: weak or interrupted urine flow; inability to urinate or difficulty starting or stopping urine flow; the need to urinate frequently, especially at night; blood in the urine; pain or burning with urination
-Pain in lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs - may be an indication of metastatic disease |
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Term
| What are some prevention techniques for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
-Early detection: PSA blood test and digital rectal exam (DRE)
-Men at average risk screen starts at age 50, at high risk, age 45
-Chemoprevention (the use of agents to slow progression of, reverse, or inhibit carcinogens); ongoing clinical studies on prostate cancer prevention using anti-androgen agents, dietary supplments vitamin E and selenium, lycopene and other antioxidants |
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Term
| Treatment for prostate cancer depends on several factors including pt age, state of cancer, and other medical conditions but what are some treatment options? |
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Definition
-Surgery
-Radiation; external beam radiation; radioactive seed implants (brachytherapy)
-Hormona therapy: use of anti-androgen drugs to decrease the effect of androgens on tumor growth
- Orchiectomy: removal of testicles
- Chemotherapy
- Careful observation |
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Term
| What is the prognosis for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
-Local and regional stage cancer: 90% of new cases are diagnosed in this early stage; nearly 100% 5-year survival rate
- All stages combined: 5-year survival, nearly 100%; 10 year, 93%; 15 year - 77% |
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Term
| What are some side effects of treatments for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
Urinary incontinence
Bowel incontinence
Impotence or erectile dysfunction |
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Term
| What is the PTs role in prostate cancer management? |
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Definition
-Back pain may be initial sign of prostate cancer for some pts who seek back pain tx. Be alert for 3 red flags: Over 50 years old, Past history of cancer, and Unknown cause of musculoskeletal pain or symptoms.
-Pelvic floor rehab may improve incontinence resulting from prostate cancer tx |
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Term
| Inflammation of the urethra |
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Definition
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Term
| Most commonly caused by Neisseria Gonorrhea or Chlamydia Trachomatis |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of urethritis? |
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Definition
-Urethral discharge: purulent in gonorrhea; thin, white, mucoid discharge in chlamydia
-Dysuria, frequency, urgency |
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Term
| What are the treatments available for Urethritis? |
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Definition
Antibiotics
If left untreated, urinary strictures can develop |
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Term
| Inflammation of the testicles often associated with epididymitis (inflammation of epididymis); often secondary to UTIs |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the infectious agents of Orchitis? |
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Definition
| Gram-negative backteria and chalmydia |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations for Orchitis? |
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Definition
Low back pain
Testicular pain and swelling
Fever may be present |
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Term
| How can orchitis be treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Caused b y the twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testicles |
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Definition
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Term
| In what age population does testicular torsion most commonly occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of testicular torsion? |
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Definition
-Abrupt onset of scrotal pain, may extend up into the inguinal area
-Exquisitely tender, swollen, and superiorly displaced testis
-Supporting testes does not relieve pain
-Nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia may be present |
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Term
| What is the tx for testicular torsion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common cancer in men under the age of 30. Men who have a history of undescended testes are at increased risk and the white to black incidence ratio is 5:1 |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer? |
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Definition
-A painless testicular mass that does not transilluminate
-Transillumination and testicular ultrasound localized the tumor to testicles, biopsy is diagnostic |
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Term
| What are the tx for testicular cancer? |
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Definition
| Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy |
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Term
| The inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection suitable for sexual intercourse |
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Definition
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Term
Affects 18 million men in US; Incidence increases with aging; Approx 5% of 40 year old men and between 15-25% of 65 year old men experience ED on a long-term basis
-Affects the quality of life |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some risk factors for ED? |
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Definition
-Age
-Psychological disorders: stress, anxiety, guilt, depression, low self-esteem
-Physical: a breakdown or damage to the sequence of events that leads to an erection
-Medications: many drugs have side effects that cause ED. EX: AntiHTN
-Diabetes
-Lifestyle factors: smoking, overweight
-Prostate cancer tx
-Vascular dz: CAD, HTN, diabetes, PVD
-Peyronie's Dz
-Priapism |
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Term
| A disease in which plaques or strands of dense fibrous tissue surrounding the corpus cavernosum of the penis cause penile bleedinga nd pain during erection |
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Definition
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Term
| Persistent erection of the penis, accompanied by pain and tenderness, resulting from a pathologic condition rather than sexual desire |
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Definition
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Term
| What are tx techniques for Impotence? |
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Definition
-Treat underlying cause
-Medications
-Penile prosthetic |
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Term
| In PT setting, back with with ED may raise concern of the possible presence of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Indicative of pressure on the cauda equina, as from a tumor, degenerative disc dz, or other causes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of cauda equina syndrome |
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Definition
Dull pain in upper sacral region, with anesthesia or analgesia in buttocks, genitalia, or thigh
Accompanied by disturbed bowel and bladder function |
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