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Male Anatomy
Reproductive Lab
68
Agriculture
Undergraduate 4
02/04/2016

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Term
Scrotum
Definition
Two-lobed pouch that houses the testes.
Term
Functions of Scrotum
Definition
-Serve as a physical barrier to the environment
- Regulate temperature
- Move testes closer or away from the body
Term
Inner/outer tunic
Definition
Inner: Parietal tunic
Outer: Visceral tunic
Term
Tunica dartos = light pink; tunics are white. What do tunics allow for?
Definition
Free movement
Term
Spermatic Cors Functions:
Definition
- Functions primarily to suspend the testes
- Extends from the inguinal ring to its attachments on the dorsal pole of the testis
Term
Spermatic Cord houses:
Definition
- Vas deferens (ductus deferens)
- Cremaster Muscle
- Pampiniform Plexus
Term
Vas Deferens
Definition
Transport sperm to ejaculation
Term
Cremaster Muscle
Definition
A striated muscle that raises the testis for short period of time during "flight or fight" moments
Term
Pampiniform Plexus
Definition
A vasuclar network that plays an essential role in the thermoregulation of the testis
Term
Testes
Definition
Male gonads that function to: produce male gametes (spermatozoa), and produce male hormones (androgens) - testosterone
Term
Testicular Capsule
Definition
Consists of the outer two layers (visceral vaginal tunic and tunica albuginia)
Term
Parenchyma
Definition
The region of the testes containing the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue
Term
Tubular Compartment
Definition
The testicular compartment that houses the seminifrous tubules.
Term
Seminiferous Tubules
Definition
Highly tortuous tubules within the testes that produce spermatazoa; consists of only two cell types, gametes and Sertoli cells
Term
Sertoli Cells
Definition
Somatic cells that respond to the hormone FSH that function to govern spermatogenesis and produce a variety of hormones and materials
Term
Interstitial Compartment
Definition
The compartment of the testes that immediately surrounds the seminiferous tubules; consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and Leydig cells
Term
Leydig Cells
Definition
Respond to the hormone LH to produce testosterone
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
connective tissue core of the testes that houses the rete tubules
Term
Rete tubules
Definition
Tubules that transport spermatozoa (not yet motile) and fluid from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts
Term
Descent of the testes from the body cavity into the scrotum occurs during late gestation and is essential for the proper thermoregulation of the testes and development of the spermatozoa
Definition
Testicular Descent
Term
Gubernaculum
Definition
Responsible for pulling the testis from the abdominal cavity, through the inguinal ring, and into the scrotum.
Term
Cryptorchidism = highly heritable triat
Definition
Failure of the testes (one or both) to descend
Term
Unilateral Cryptorchid
Definition
When one of the testis does not descent into the scrotum. The testis that descends into the scrotum is fertile; however, reduced sperm concentrations usually result. Descended testis overcompensates.
Term
Bilateral Cryptorchid
Definition
When neither testis descends into the scrotum. This results in sterility due to the elevated temperature.
Term
Parenchyma
Definition
Everything not in the middle white area of the testis
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
Middle white area of the testis
Term
4-6 degrees C cooler
Definition
Thermoregulation of the testis is essential for spermatogenesis. What temp do the testis need to be?
Term
Pampiniform Plexus
Tunica Dartos
Sebaceous (or sweat) glands
Thermosensory neurons
Definition
Various structures in evolved in thermoregulation of the testes
Term
Pampiniform Plexus
Definition
Specialized venous plexus consisting of testicular vein that elaborately intertwines around the testicular arty in order to provide a consenter current heat exchange mechanism.
Term
Tunica Dartos
Definition
A layer of smooth muscle that controls contraction and relaxation of the scrotum
- Contracts during period of cold temperatures to bring testes closer to the abdominal cavity
- Relaxes during periods of hot temperature to increase the surface area for heat exchange
Term
Sebaceous (or sweat) glands
Definition
Secrete an oily substance onto the scrotum for an evaporative cooling system
Term
Thermosensory neurons
Definition
Govern both the degree of scrotal sweating and the respiratory rate of the animal
- An increase in scrotal temperature will result in increased respiration
Note: Adipose tissue is not found in large animals around the testes; however, increased amounts of adipose tissue result in increased temperature of the testes.
Term
Spermatogenesis
Definition
Process whereby spermatozoa are formed; occurs in the seminiferous tubules
- The developing gametes are interacting directly with Sertoli cells throughout development.
Term
Spermatagonia - most immature
Spermacytes
Spermatids - most mature
Definition
Term
Spermination
Definition
The release of spermatids from the Sertoli cells in to the lumped of the seminiferous tubules
Term
Acrosome
Definition
Binds to Ovacyte
Term
Head
Neck
Mid-piece
Principle Piece
End Piece
Definition
Anatomy of sperm
Term
Vas Efferens (efferent ducts)
Definition
Ducts that connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis
Term
Epididymis
Definition
The duct connecting the vas efferens to the vas definers and serves as a concentration, transport, maturation, and storage site for spermatozoa
- Head (caput)
- Body (corpus)
Term
Vas deferens (ductus deferens)
Definition
The duct that connects the tail of the epididymis to the ampulla and transport sperm to the pelvic urethra
Term
Vasectomy
Definition
A ligation of the vas deferens to prevent spermatozoa from entering the pelvic urethra
Term
Accessory Sex Glands
Definition
The glands of the male reproductive system that surround the pelvic urethra and function to produce seminal plasma
Term
Ampullae
Vesicular Glands (seminal vesicles)
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)
Definition
Accessory Sex Glands
Term
Head of Epididymus
Definition
* Site of fluid respiration (concentration of spermatozoa)
- Not motile
- Not fertile
- Proximal cytoplasmic droplet
- Low disulfide crosslinking
Term
Body of Epididymus
Definition
* Site of spermatozoa maturation
-Some expression of motility after dilution
- Some expression of fertility
- Translocating cytoplasmic droplet
- Moderate to high degree of disulfide cross linking
- Can bind to oocyte
Term
Tail of Epididymus
Definition
* Serves as a reservoir of spermatozoa
- Expression of normal motility after dilution
- Fertile potential
- Distal Droplet
- High degree of disulfide cross linking
- Can bind to oocytes
Term
Ampullae
Definition
Enlargements in the vas definers that open direct into the pelvic urethra - absent in boars
Term
Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
Definition
Function to secrete a large portion of the ejaculate in bulls and rams and a smaller portion of the ejaculate in boars and stallions
Term
Prostate
Definition
Secretes an alkaline fluid into the seminal plasma
Term
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Glands)
Definition
Produces the gel fraction of boar and stallion seminal plasma - very prominent in boar.
Term
Penis
Definition
Organ of copulation in male
Term
Root (crus penis)
Body or Shaft (corpus)
Glans Penis
Definition
Three sections of penis
Term
Corpus Cavernosum
Definition
A cavernous erectile tissue making up a majority of the interior penile shaft that allows for an influx of blood during erection
Term
Corpus Spongiosum
Definition
The spongy erectile tissue directly surrounding the urethra and extends to the glans penis
- Very prominent in stallion for belling of the glans penis
Term
Boar
Definition
Penis that is corkscrew in shape to correlate with sow's corkscrew shaped cervix
Term
Ram
Definition
Penis that has a filirrom appendage, which sprays the inside of the female tract with semen during copulation to accommodate for a low ejaculate volume
Term
Stallion
Definition
Penis known to bell out during erection
Term
Fibroelastic Penis
Definition
Composed of a fibrous elastic type tissue that extends in length to create an erection rather than in diameter
- Bull, ram, and boar
Term
Vascular Penis
Definition
Engorges the Corpus Cavernous and corpus spongiosum with blood to cause the penis to grow in diameter when becoming erect
- Stallion
Term
Retractor Penis
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Urethralis
Definition
Muscles of the penis
Term
Retractor Penis
Definition
Is in a contracted state when an erection is not occurring and is in a related state during erection to allow for extension of the sigmoid flexure (in bull, ram, and boar)
Term
Isciocavernosus
Definition
Insterts on crus penis and is important in erection as it compresses crus penis
Term
Bulbospongiosus
Definition
Overlaps root of penis and covers bulbourethral glands
Term
Urethralis
Definition
Encloses pelvic urethrea and covers bulbourethral glands
Term
Bull
Definition
- Pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is vertically and normally oriented
- Fibroelastic penis
- Sigomoid flexure is present
Term
Ram
Definition
Similar to bull exception of glans penis
- Pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is vertically and normally oriented
- Firboelastic penis
- Filiform appendage located on glans penis (due to low volume of sperm, but high concentration)
- Sigmoid flexure present
Term
Boar
Definition
- Non pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is vertically oriented but inverted (tail is on top)
- Fibroelastic penis
- Glans penis is corkscrew shaped
- Sigmoid flexure is present
- Lacks ampullae but has prominent bulbourethral glands
Term
Stallion
Definition
- Non-pendulous testicles
- Epididymis is horizontally oriented
- Vascular Penis
- No sigmoid flexure present
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