Term
| What was the aim of Mann et al's study? |
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Definition
| To test police officers' ability to distinguish truths and lies during poilce interviews with suspects |
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Term
| What was the procedure used by Mann et al? |
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Definition
Shown clips of 14 suspects backed up by other evidence
Filled out questionnaires about their experience in detecting liars
Indicated whether they thought the suspect was lying or telling the truth and rated how confident they were with their decision
Asked to list the cues they had used to detect the liars |
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Term
| What were the results of Mann et al's field experiment? |
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Definition
Mean lie accuracy (63.6%) and truth accuracy (66.2) not significantly different, though both are greater than chance
Experience in interviewing correlated positively with lie/truth accuracy
Most frequently mentioned cue to detect lying was gaze, then movements, vagueness, contradiction and fidgeting |
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Term
| What cues should good lie detectors rely on according to Mann et al? |
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Definition
| Story cues, rather than relying on the sterotypical belief that liars give themselves away by covering the mouth or fidgeting |
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Term
| What did Inbau et al develop an approach to? |
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Definition
| Interrogation - the nine steps were designed to present a mass of damaging facts to persuade criminals that they had no choice but to confess |
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Term
| What is the main critisism of Inbau's approach? |
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Definition
| When used with young people or the mentally impaired, it is highly likely to obtain a false confession |
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Term
| What was the aim of Gudjohnsson et al's study? |
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Definition
| To document a case of the false confession of a youth who was at the time distressed and susceptible to interrogative pressure |
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Term
| In Gudjohnsson et al's study, why was 'FC' arrested? |
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Definition
Some inconsistencies in his account of his movements when two elderly women were murdered and he was spending more money than usual
There was no forensic evidence to link him with the offence |
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Term
| In Gudjohnsson et al's study, what happened in FC's interviews? |
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Definition
FC denied being near the scene, but after being repeatedly accused of lying he agreed
Many questions were leading and accusatory
In a second interview he retracted his statement only to confess again under pressure about his failure to have successful relationships with women |
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Term
| In Gudjohnsson et al's study, what did FC's psychiatric examination reveal? |
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Definition
No evidence of mental illness was found
Scored a 10 for suggestibility on the Gudjohnsson Suggestibilty Scale, making him abnormal in this respect
His IQ was 94
He was a stable extrovert according to Eysenck's Personality Inventory |
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Term
| What did Gudjohnsson et al conclude as to why FC gave a false confession? |
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Definition
| This is a case of a 'coerced compliant' false confession, meaning he gave into pressure during the interviews in order to escape from an intolerable situation |
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