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| Persian emperor, he created the Persian Empire by conquering most of Southwest Asia |
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| a unit of soldiers who ride horses |
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| Persian emperor, he restored order to the Persian Empire after a period of rebellion. Darius I built roads and made other improvements to Persian society. |
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| a series of wars between Persia and Greece in the 400s BC |
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| Persian ruler, he tried to conquer Greece during the Persian Wars but was defeated. |
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| an agreement to work together |
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| a war between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC |
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| Macedonian king, he was a brilliant military leader who defeated the Greeks. Alexander the Great was his son. |
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| a group of Greek warriors who stood close together in a square formation |
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| Macedonian ruler, he was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The son of Philip II, Alexander conquered large areas of Asia and parts of Europe and Africa and spread Greek culture throughout his empire |
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| Greek-like; heavily influenced by Greek ideas |
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| Greek philosopher, his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. Socrates was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority. |
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| Greek philosopher, he was a student of Socrates. Plato started a school in Athens called the Academy and wrote The Republic, which describes an ideal society run by philosophers |
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| Greek philosopher, he was a student of Plato. Aristotle taught that people should live lives of moderation and use reason in their lives |
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| clear and ordered thinking |
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| Greek mathematician, he was one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Euclid is famous for his contributions to the field of geometry |
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| Greek doctor, he is regarded as the father of medicine. Hippocrates tried to find out what caused diseases and is known today for his ideas on how doctors should conduct themselves |
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| Empire of unorganized and nomadic people |
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| Empire that is based on military |
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| Persian defeat of the Spartans |
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