Term
| 4 subjective signs of central serous retinopathy |
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Definition
Monocular sudden onset blur
Relative scotoma
Metamorphopsia
Micropsia |
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Term
| Etiology of Central Serous Retinopathy |
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Definition
| Small break in RPE at macula allows fluid to leak in and separate the layers between RPE and sensory retina |
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Term
| Fluorescein 'smokestak' is the class appearance of _________________________ retinopathy |
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Definition
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Term
| How will a small spot of RPE detachment appear on FANG |
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Definition
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Term
| Prognosis for Central Serous |
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Definition
| 80-90% have spontaneous resolution in 1-6mo, 40% have recurrent attacks |
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Term
| Resolution of Central Serous Retinopathy may leave behind what subjective sign |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Laser Photocoagulation of CSR affect final VA |
|
Definition
| No affect, just shortens durations |
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Term
| 4 Situations when treatment of CSR with laser is considered |
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Definition
| Visual defect from recurrent attacks Vision in other eye is impaired no resolution in 4-6 months Occupational needs |
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Term
| 2 most common 'causes' of a macular hole |
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Definition
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Term
Central Serous
Gender and age? |
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Definition
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Term
Macular Hole
Gender and Age? |
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Definition
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Term
Macular Hole
Term for piece of retina pulled free |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Syneresis of vitreous causes the posterior hyaloid to move forward, creating traction on the macula. |
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Term
| What is a positive Watzke's |
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Definition
Subjective interruption of a narrow beam of the slit lamp over the macula.
Can also ask pt if they perceive any distortions or breaks in the beam |
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Term
| What can be done to prevent a macular hole? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Stage 1 of a Macular hole |
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Definition
| Basically a fluidic cyst at the macula where the vitreous is pulling, absent FLR , |
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Term
| Describe Stage 2 of a Macular hole |
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Definition
| Early eccentric full-thickness hole |
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Term
| Describe stage 3 of a Macular hole |
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Definition
| Complete hole, operculum detached completely |
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Term
| Describe stage 4 of a Macular hole |
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Definition
| full thickness hole and PVD, similar to stage 3 but has been there for awhile |
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Term
| Name 4 surgical treatments for Macular holes |
|
Definition
Vitrectomy
Membrane peel
Gas fluid exchange
gas injection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Good for <1 yo, 73% have improved acuity, poor prognosis for holes>1 yo |
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Term
| What is the most common area of myopic degeneration |
|
Definition
| Tissue gets stretched around the disc, creating a myopic crescent |
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Term
| What is Fuch's spot in myopic degeneration |
|
Definition
| dark spots of RPE hyperplasia in the macula |
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Term
| What is a posterior staphyloma |
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Definition
| Associated with myopic degeneration, it is the out-pouching of the thinned sclera due to the pressure of the IOP |
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Term
|
Definition
| Associated with myopic degeneration, they are yellow streaks due to breaks in Bruch's |
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Term
| Explaint he vortex-vein like configuration that can occur at the macula in myopic degeneration |
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Definition
| Since all the retinal structures are so thin and stretched, a lot of light is reflected off the choroid and it makes the choroidal vasculature much more prominent and visible. There is not actually any more vasculature than normal |
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Term
| What type of hemorrhage is associated with myopic degeneration |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| breaks in calcified, thickened Bruch's membrane, appear as deep, dark red/brown streaks that radiate from the disc |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Possible complications of Angioid streaks |
|
Definition
Vision loss if over the macula
Possible development of choroidal neo |
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Term
| 3 aspects of treatment of angioid streaks |
|
Definition
Treat the CNV as you would ARMD
Protect the eye with polycarb due to risk of hemorrhage from trauma
Treat underlying medical condition |
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Term
| Describe the changes in the retina associated with Cystoid Macular Edema |
|
Definition
| cyst-like spaces of fluid accumulate in outer plexiform layer at the macula (Henle's fiber layer) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Blurred vision
Metamorphopsia
washed-out vision |
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Term
| Name 6 Ocular conditions that can cause a CME |
|
Definition
Diabetic Retinopathy
Vein occlusions
Post Surgery (cataract, glaucoma, RD)
YAG capsulotomy
Posterior Uveitis
Retinitis Pigmentosa |
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|
Term
| FA pattern characteristic of CME |
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Definition
| Accumulation of dye in the OPL, fluid follows the radial arrangement of this layer and forms a FLOWER-PETALpattern (Petalloid) |
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Term
| 1st mode of treatment of CME |
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Definition
| Topical NSAID and/or topical steroid for 1 month and then taper |
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Term
| Treatment for CME that does not respond to topical or oral NSAIDS/steroids |
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Definition
| Sub-Tenon Steroid injection |
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|
Term
| Cellular proliferation along the ILM and retinal surface, contraction may cause wrinkling |
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Definition
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|
Term
Epiretinal membranes
symptoms of Macropsia or Micropsia |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 signs of Epiretinal Membrane |
|
Definition
decreased acuity
Abnormal Amsler grid |
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Term
| How may an epiretinal membrane affect the appearance of BV |
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Definition
| Contraction can drag the BV and cause tortuosity |
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Term
| Treatment of Epiretinal Membrane |
|
Definition
| Although tx is rarely required, can do vitrectomy and membrane peel if VA <20/60 |
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Term
| Name 3 uses for Chloroquine |
|
Definition
Malaria
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE |
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|
Term
| Name 4 of the earliest signs of chloroquine-caused toxic retinopathy |
|
Definition
small scotoma
Abnormal EOG
Abnormal photostress test
Decreased color vision |
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|
Term
| Which is more toxic, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine |
|
Definition
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Term
| Describe retinopathy caused by Talc |
|
Definition
| refractive yellow deposits near or in retinal arterioles |
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Term
| Described retinopathy caused by Tamoxifen |
|
Definition
| Decreased vision, refractile yellow-white spots scattered throughout posterior pole |
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Term
| Describe appearance of Thioridazine retinal toxicity |
|
Definition
| pigment granularity that starts mid-peripherally and coalesces |
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Term
| Describe appearance of FA of choroidal folds |
|
Definition
| alternating hypo and hyper-fluorescent streaks |
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