Term
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Definition
| Very large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
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Term
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Definition
| General term for the subunits that are used to make macromolecules |
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Term
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Definition
| General term for large macromolecules made by joining monomers together |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reaction that joins monomers together and produces a molecule of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Another term for a condensation reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reaction breaks down a polymer by breaking off individual monomers - it uses a molecules of water |
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Term
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Definition
| One class of macromolecule that is composed of sugars |
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Term
| What elements are found in carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| C H O carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
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Term
| What is the ratio of elements in sugars? |
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Definition
C H2 O
Two H atoms for every C and O atom |
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Term
| How can you recognize the name of a sugar? |
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Definition
| They often end in -ose; glucose, fructose, lactose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple or single sugar - basic building block of carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| Double sugar made by joining two monosaccharides; ex: sucrose is made from glucose + fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| Large carbohydrate made from many monosaccharides joined together |
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Term
| Name two storage polysaccharides |
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Definition
| starch in plants and glycogen in animals |
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Term
| Name two storage polysaccharides |
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Definition
| Cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of macromolecules that are hydrophobic - water hating |
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Term
| What elements are found in lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the subunits of lipids? |
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Definition
| 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
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Term
| Describe the shape of lipids |
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Definition
| They look like a large E, with three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chains which contain only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms |
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Term
| Examples of saturated fats |
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Definition
| Butter, lard, usually an animal fat; solid at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid chains that contain one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms |
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Term
| Examples of unsaturated fats |
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Definition
| Plant based oils like corn or olive oil, fats that are liquid at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| A lipid that has one fatty acid chain replaced by a phosphate group; used to make membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Store energy, make membranes; repel water like waxes |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipids that contain ring structures |
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Term
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Definition
| Cholesterol, and sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common class of macromolecule found in living things; composed of amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for a small protein |
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Term
| What are the elements found in proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The subunits of proteins, there are 20 different amino acids |
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Term
| Primary structure of proteins |
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Definition
| The order of the amino acids; beads on a string |
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Term
| Secondary structure of proteins |
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Definition
| Regular folding due to hydrogen bond formation between amino acids |
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Term
| Tertiary structure of proteins |
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Definition
| Irregular folding of the peptide chain |
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Term
| Quaternary Structure of proteins |
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Definition
| When more than one peptide chain must come together to form the final, functional proteins; only true for some proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles, enzymes, collagen of hair and skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Class of macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information |
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Term
| What elements are found in nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Subunits that make up necleic acids; composed of a phosphate group, a sugar and a base |
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Term
| What shape do nucleic acids have? |
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Definition
| They are long chains; DNA is a double chain and RNA is a single chain |
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Term
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Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid; stores genetic information in chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| ribonucleic acid; transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm of cells |
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