Term
Where are Macrolides located in the body tissue?
Are they bacterioststic or bactericidal? |
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Definition
| Macrolides are widly distributed into body tissues and fluids tissues and may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on drug concentration in infected tissues. |
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Term
| What group of bacteria dose Macrolides affect? |
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Definition
| Macrolides are effective against gram-positive bacteria. |
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Term
| Macrolindes include what type of drugs? |
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Definition
| Erythromycin, azithromycin (Zithromax), and Clarithromycin (Biaxin) |
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Term
| Macrolindes are effective against Species such as |
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Definition
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Corynebacterium
Treponema
Legionella, Chlamydia,Neisseria
Mycoplasma |
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Term
| Macrolindes are effective against some anaerobic species of |
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Definition
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Term
| Azithromycin and Clarithromycin are active against what type of infection? |
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Definition
| Mycobacterium avium complex disease ( MAC) |
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Term
| What opportunistic infection that occurs mainly in people with advanced HIV infection |
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Definition
| MAC Mycobacterium avium complex |
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Term
| Azithromycin and clarithromycin is part of a combinatio regimen to fight what pathogen? |
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Definition
| Helicobacter pylori which is a pathogen implicated in peptic ulcer disease. |
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Term
| Why is Erythromycin use less to fight against microorganisum? |
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Definition
| Because micorbial resistance |
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Term
| What body organ is excrete erythromycin out of bod tissues? |
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Definition
| Erythromycin is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly in bile about 20% is excreted in urine |
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Term
| How is Azithromycin excreted from the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Clarithromycin excreted by the body? |
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Definition
| it is metabolized in liver but excreted in urine. |
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Term
| Why is erythromycin called penicillin substitue? |
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Definition
| Erythromycin is also used as a penicillin substitue because patients who are allergic to penicillin prevention of reumatic fever gonorrhea, syphilles pertussis and chlamydial conjunctive in newborns opthalmic oinment and to treat other infections |
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Term
| What are adverse effects with erythromycin, and how many they prevented or Minimized? |
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Definition
| Liver toxicity/with drug highly dependent on Cyp3A4 liver enzymes for metabolism. Not given to people liver disease montior labs. also not given myasthenia gravis |
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Term
How do the new macrolides differ from erythromycin
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Definition
| They enhanced antibacterial activity requireless frequent administration and cause less nausea vomiting and diarrhea |
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Term
| How doses the ketolide differ from the macrolides? |
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Definition
| Ketolides have a greater affinity for ribosomal RNA, expanding their antimicrobial spectrum compared with marolides. |
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Term
| How would you recognize pseudomembranous colitis in a patient? What would you do if you thought a patient might have it why? |
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Definition
| If patient has dirrhea, which cause by C.diffics infection assoicted with pseudomembranous colitis. Adminstrate drug merronidazole whichprevent or treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections |
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Term
| Which antibacterial drugh is considered the drug of choice for MRSA and SSNA? |
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Definition
| Vancomycin which used for prophlyaxis of gram positive infection in patients who are at high risks of developing MRSA infections |
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Term
| What is redman syndrome and how can it be prevented or minimized? |
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Definition
| It is very important to give IV infusions slowly over 1 to2 hours, to avoid an adverse reaction characterized by hypotension, flushing and skin rash. |
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Term
| What is the main clinical importance of the newer drugs tigecyline, linezolid daptomycin, rifaximin, and quinupristin dalfopristin? |
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Definition
| These drugs have relatively narrow spectra of activity and appropriate indications for their use should be observed todecrease the likelihood of resistance. |
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Term
Is the following statement True or False?
Macrolides may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal.
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Definition
True.
Macrolides are widely distributed into body tissues and fluids and may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on drug concentration in infected tissues.
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Term
Macrolide/Ketolide Antibacterials |
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Definition
•Azithromycin (Zithromax)
•Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
•Erythromycin base (E-mycin)
•Telithromycin (Ketek)
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Term
•Azithromycin (Zithromax) drug is use to treat Helicobacter pylori combination drug
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Definition
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Term
| Clarithromycin (Biaxin) treat and prevent what infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythromycin base (E-mycin) is excreted from what organ |
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Definition
| metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly in bile approximately 20% in the urine |
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Term
Telithromycin (Ketek) is the frist drug of |
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Definition
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Term
| Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) disease is an opportunistic infection that affects what type of people? |
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Definition
| Mainly occurs mainly in people with advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection |
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Term
| Azithromycin is excreted mainly |
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Definition
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Term
| Clarithromycin is excreted |
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Definition
| it is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine |
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Term
| Telithromycin is excreted by |
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Definition
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Term
| Specific salt formulation in food can have a variable effect on the absorption of what medication |
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Definition
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Term
| Macrolides and Ketolides inhibit what mechanism in microbial cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Marolides are use to treat what infection? |
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Definition
| respiratory tract and skin/soft tissue which is cause by streptococci and staphylococci |
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Term
| Erythromycin is use for prevention of |
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Definition
| rheumatic fever, gonorrhea, syphilis, pertussis, and chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns. |
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Term
| Erythromycin treat's other infection such as |
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Definition
| Legionnaire's disease, genitourinary infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, intestinal amebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytic |
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Term
| Macrolides and ketolides are know for to give some people |
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Definition
| hypersensitiviy reaction to the drugs. |
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Term
| Telithromycin is toxicity to what organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Choloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic that is active against most |
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Definition
| Gram positive and Gram negative |
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Term
| Clindamycin is often used to treat infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the 30s ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, thus inhibiting protein synthesis |
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Term
| Tigecycline is use to treat |
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Definition
| complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) |
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Term
| Tigecycline is administered |
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Definition
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Term
| Metronidazole is effective against |
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Definition
| anaerobic bacteria, including gram-negative bacilli such as bacteroides gram-positive bacilli such as and some gram-positive cocci |
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Term
| METRONIDAZLE INDICATION FOR USE |
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Definition
| include prevention or treatment of anaerobic bacterial in fections e.g. colorectal surgery intra abdominal infections |
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Term
| C.difficile and H.pylori is treated by |
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Definition
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Term
| Quinupristin-dalfopristin are active antimicrobials |
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Definition
| that affect bacterial ribosomes to decrease protein synthesis |
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Term
| Quinupristin-dalfopristin are affected againgts |
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Definition
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Term
| rifaximin is affected against |
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Definition
| Escherichia coli but is not effective in diarrhea due to campylobacter jejuni |
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Term
| Spectinomycin is used to treat |
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Definition
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Term
| Vancomycin is active against |
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Definition
| gram positive which inhibitis cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
MRSA
S.pneumoniae
E.faecalis |
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Term
| Use in Childern chocie of drugs |
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Definition
Erythromycin
Azithromycin and Clarithromycin
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Term
| Use in Adults drug choice |
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Definition
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Telithromycin
Clarithromycin |
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Term
| Use in older Adults drug of choice that no need for reduction |
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Definition
daptomycin
Quinupristin dalfopristian
Linezolid |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrolides, which include erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin, inhibit microbial protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Erythromycin shares a simalar antibacterial spectrum with pencillin making it good choice for patients with penicillin allergy |
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