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| Materials that an animal's cells require but cannot synthesize. |
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| Required amino acids that must be obtained from food. |
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| Organic molecules with diverse functions that are required in the diet in very small amounts. |
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| Inorganic nutrients, such as zinc ans potassium, that are usually required in small amounts. |
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| Animals that dine mainly on plants and algae. Ex: cattle, parrotfish, and termites. |
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| Animals that mostly eat other animals. Ex: Sharks, Hawks, and Spiders. |
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| Animals that regularly consume other animals as well as plants and algae. |
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| The act of eating food; The first stage of food processing. |
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| The second stage of food processing where food is broken down into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. |
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| The third stage of food processing where the animal's cells take up(absorb) small molecules such as amino acids and simple sugars. |
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| Completes food processing as undigested material passes out of the digestive system. |
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| A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus; also called a complete digestive tract. |
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| A gland associated with the oral cavity that secretes substances to lubricate food and begin the process of chemical digestion. |
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| Aids chemical digestion by producing an alkaline solution rich in bicarbonate as well as several enzymes. |
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| The mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices formed in the stomach. |
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| An organ that stores bile and releases it as needed into the small intestine. |
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| An enzyme in saliva that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen into smaller polysaccharides and the disaccharide maltose. |
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| Throat region that opens to two passageways: the esophagus(leads to stomach) and the trachea(windpipe, leads to lungs) |
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| Channel that provides the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach. |
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| Organ of the digestive system that stores food and performs preliminary steps of digestion. |
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| An enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of proteins.(Component of gastric juice) |
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| The principle site of the enzymatic hydrolysis of food macromolecules and the absorption of nutrients. |
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| Functions mainly in water absorption and the formation of feces. (between the small intestine and the anus) |
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| First section of the small intestine. Chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder as well as from gland cells of the intestinal wall. |
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| Finger-like projection of the inner surface of the small intestine. |
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| fine, finger-like projections of the epithelial tissue cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increase its surface area. |
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| Produces vile, prepares nitrogenous wastes for disposal, and detoxifies poisonous chemicals in the blood. |
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| Made in the liver, contains bile salts that act as detergents(emulsifiers) that aid in digestion and absorption of lipids. |
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| Largest section of the vertebrate large intestine. Functions in water absorption and formation of feces. |
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| The blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine. |
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| Small finger-like extension of the vertebrate cecum, contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity. |
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| The waste of the digestive tract. |
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| The terminal portion of the large intestine where the feces are stored until they are eliminated. |
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