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M.A. glossary page 132
glossary from Appreciating Music by Karen Kuehmann and Nancy Tipton
38
Music
10th Grade
05/13/2009

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Term
sinfonia
Definition
a generic term for orchestral introductions to Italian operas in the 17th century, similar to an overture; eventually developed into the symphony
Term
slur
Definition
a curved line above or below two ro more notes of different pitch; indicates that the pitches slurred together should be performed smoothly in a legato style
Term
solfege
Definition
singing pitches by the syllables do, re, mi, fa, so, la and ti; used in learning to read notation by sight
Term
sonata
Definition
an instrumental composition for a solo instrument or a solo instrument with accompaniment; usually in 3 or 4 movements
Term
sonata form (or sonata-allegro form)
Definition
usually the form of the first movement in a sonata or symphony; consists of 3 main sections (exposition, development, recapitulation) and may have an introduction and a coda
Term
soprano
Definition
a woman's high singing voice
Term
sostenuto
Definition
Italian: " in a singing style"
Term
spiccato
Definition
a bowing technique on stringed instruments in which the bow is bounced across the strings
Term
spiritual
Definition
a religious folk song; often pentatonic
Term
staccato
Definition
short, separated playing or singing; indicated by a dot above or below each note
Term
staff
Definition
the five lines and four spaces upon which notes and rests are placed
Term
statement
Definition
in theme and variations form, the opening presentation of the theme
Term
stringendo
Definition
Italian: "moving more quickly"
Term
style
Definition
1. the way in which a composition is performed 2. the features of a period of music history
Term
subdominant
Definition
1. the fourth note of a scale 2. a three-note chord having the fourth note of a scale as its root
Term
subito
Definition
Italian: suddenly
Term
subject
Definition
the main theme in a fugue
Term
suite
Definition
1. a set of pieces taken from a larger composition such as a ballet 2. a set of contrasting instrumental pieces
Term
symphonic poem (or tone poem)
Definition
a programmatic, one-movement work for orchestra, inpsired by an extramusical idea
Term
symphony
Definition
a major work for orchestra, usually in four movements
Term
syncopation
Definition
accenting a weak part of a beat or a weak beat in a measure
Term
synthesizer
Definition
an electronic device, usually with a keyboard similar to that of a piano, used to produce a variety of musical timbres
Term
system
Definition
a set of staves, joined by a vertical line along the lefthand margin or printed music, that are performed at the same time by various voices or instruments
Term
tempo
Definition
the speed of a piece of music; how quickly or slowly the pulse of a composition moves
Term
tempo primo
Definition
an Italian term instructing a musician to resume the original tempo after a tempo change in a composition
Term
tenor
Definition
a man's high singing voice
Term
tenuto
Definition
Italian: "held, sustained"
Term
ternary
Definition
a musical form consisting of 3 sections
Term
texture
Definition
the result of combining melody and harmony in different ways, such as melody alone (monophony), two or more melodies together (polyphony), and melody with an accompaniment (homophony)
Term
theme
Definition
a melody upon which a composition is based
Term
theme and variations
Definition
a composition in which the theme is played through and then is played in several different ways; for each variation, the composer changes the musical element of the theme
Term
timbre (or tone color)
Definition
the special sound of a particular instrument or voice
Term
time signature
Definition
a sign, usually at the beginning of a composition, that indicates the meter of a piece; the top number indicates how many pulses are in a measure, the bottom indicates what kind of note get one pulse
Term
tonality
Definition
the arrangement of a composition around a given tonic or key
Term
tone quality
Definition
the characteristics of the tone produced by a certain voice or instrument, similar to timbre
Term
tone row
Definition
the arrangement of the twelve tones of a chromatic scale in a certain order; used as the basis for serial or twelve-tone compositions
Term
tonic
Definition
the first note of a scale; the note around which the melody is built; the home tone
Term
transpose
Definition
to write the same music in a different key by moving every pitch up or down the same interval
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