Term
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Definition
| collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to blood |
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Term
| proteins and large particles that cannot be taken up by capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interstitialfluid and monitors blood for infection |
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Term
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Definition
| low soluble fat digestates around small capillaries of intestine and into large veins of neck |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lymph system is open or closed |
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Definition
| opne, fluid enters at one end and leaves at other, lymph capilalries protrude into tissues, oto enter lymph system, interstitial fluid flows between overlappng endothelial cells, |
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Term
| interstitial fluid pressure is |
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Definition
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Term
| as intersitial pressure rises toward 0 |
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Definition
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Term
| factors that affect interstitial pressure |
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Definition
| BP, plasma oscmotic pressure interstitial osmotic pressure, permeability of capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| fluid propelled through valve in 2 ways |
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Definition
1. smooth muscle in walls of larger lymph vesels contracts when stretched
2. lymph vessles may be squeezed by adjacent skeletalm uscles, body movements, arterial pulsations, compression, |
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Term
| lymph flow in activeindividual is greater |
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Definition
| in active individual than in individuala t rest |
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Term
| lymph system empties into large veins at |
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Definition
| thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct |
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Term
| lymph from right arm and head enters blood through right lymphatic duct Ghe rest of blood drained by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue, contains cells and a matrix, regulates extracellular environment of body by transporting nutrients, waste, hormones, an dheat, |
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Term
| blood speparates into 3 parts |
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Definition
| plasma, buff coat (wBC), and RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage by volume of RBC |
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Term
| hematocrit in houman normally |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| matrix of blod, H2O, ions, urea,ammonia, proteins, and other organic and inorganic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| albumin, immunoglbobulins, and clotting cators |
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Term
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Definition
| transport fatty acids and steroids and regulate osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| plasma in which clotting protein fibrinogen removied |
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Definition
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Term
| albumin, fifibrinogen, and most other plasma proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| impotnat function of plasma proteins |
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Definition
| amino acids for tissue protein replacement |
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Term
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Definition
| bags of hemoglobin, RBC,no organelles, no nucleus, do not undergo mitosis, disk shaped, transport O2 and CO2, squeeze through capillaries 120 days recycled, most worn out RBC burst as squeeze through channels in spleen and sometimes liver |
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Term
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Definition
| WBCs, organelles but no hemoglbin, poroteict body from foreing invadors |
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Term
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Definition
| all blood cells differentiate from same type of precursor in bone marrow |
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Term
| erythrocytes low nucleus while |
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Definition
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Term
| after entering blood stream as ___, RBC los restof organelles within 1-2 days |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| neutorphils, eosinophils, basophils |
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Term
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Definition
| neutral to acidic and basic dyes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| remain in blood for 4-8 hours before deposited in titusses wher ethey lvie for 4-55 dayts |
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Term
|
Definition
| monocytes, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes |
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Term
| once depositied in tissues, monocytes become |
|
Definition
| macrophagesand live for months to years |
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Term
| lymphocytes may also live |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small portions of membrane bound cytoplasm torn from megakaryocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tiny cells without a nucleus, contian actin, myosin, parts of Golgi and ER, mitochondria, can make prostaglandins and enzymes |
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Term
| membrane of platelyets is |
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Definition
| desinged to avoid adherence to healthy endothelium and adhere to injured endothelium ,become sticky and swell releasing chemicals and activated aotehr platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| platelets stick to endothelium and to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| short life time, function nonspecifcally against all infectiv eagents |
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Term
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Definition
| long lfie span, work against specific agenets of infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1) coagulation facotrs form prothrombin activator
2. prothrombin activator catalyzes conversion of prothrombin (plasma protein) into thrombin
3. thrombin governms polymerization of plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin gthreats that attach to platelets and form tight plug |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that governs polymerization of fibronogen to fibrin thread to form tight plug |
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Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes conversion of prothrombin to thrombin |
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Term
| lueukocyte composition in blood |
|
Definition
neutorphils = 62%
lymphocytes = 30%
monocytes = 5.3 %
%
basophils = 0.4%
epsinophils = 2.3% |
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Term
|
Definition
| generalized protection from most intruding organisms and toxins |
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Term
|
Definition
| prtection against pecifc organisms or toxins, develops after body is atacked |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin,stomach acid adn digestive enzymes to destroy ingested, phagocytic cells, chemicals in blood |
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Term
| injury to tissue rsults in |
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Definition
| inflammation, includes dilation of blood vessels, inreased permeability of capillaries, swelling of tissues, migration ofgranulocytes, macrophages to inflamed area |
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Term
| histamine, prostaglandins, lymphokines |
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Definition
| causative agents of inflamamation released by tissue |
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Term
| part of effect of inflammation is to |
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Definition
| wall off the effected tissue and local lymph vessels from rest of body impeding spread of inflction |
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Term
| infectious agents that are able to pass through skin or digestive defenses and enter body are first attacked by |
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Definition
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|
Term
| neutorphils follow macrophages |
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Definition
most stored in bone marrow
some found cicruclating blood and tissues
move toward infected area b chemicals released form damaged dtissue or by infectious agents,
enter tissues, slip between endothelial cells by amaeboid like process |
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Term
| neutrophils slip between endothelial cells of capillary walls via |
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Definition
| amoebid like process called diapedesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| circulate blood and move into tissues by diapedesis, mature to become macrophages when in tissue |
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Term
| once inside tissue, monocyte mature into |
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Definition
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Term
| when neutorphils and macrophages enguolf bad tissue and acteria |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| dead leukocytes, tissue fluid, necrotic tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| work against parasitic infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| release many of chemicals of inflammation rxn |
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Term
| two types of acquired immunity |
|
Definition
| humoral or B cell immunity and cell mediated or T cell immunity |
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Term
|
Definition
| promoted by B lymphocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| differentiate an dmature in bone marrow and liver, capable of making a single type of antibody which it displays on membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
| foreing particle = antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of antigen that binds to antibody, highly specific, |
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Term
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Definition
| antigenic determinant that is removed from an antigen |
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Term
|
Definition
| can onl stimulate immune response if individual hss been exposed to full antigen previously |
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Term
|
Definition
| antigenic determinants on surfaces (of engulfed microbes) |
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Term
| B lymphocyte antibody contacts matching antigen (presented by macrophage) |
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Definition
| B lymphocyte assisted by helper T cell, differentiates into plasma and memry b cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| sytnheize free antibodies and release into blood, may attach base to mast cells |
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Term
| when aantibody whosse base is bound to mast cells also binds to an antigen |
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Definition
| mast cell relases histamine and other chemicals |
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Term
| natural killer cells (killer T cells) |
|
Definition
| cause antigen to be phagocytosized by macrophages when marked by antibody |
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Term
| agglutinate, precipitate, block chemically active portion |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| first time immune system exposed to antigen, 20 days to reach fullpotential |
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Term
|
Definition
| proliferate and remian in body, in cae of reinfection, each of these cells can be called upon to synthesize antibodies reulting in faster more potent secondary respmnse which takes 5 days to reach full potential |
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Term
| humoral immunity effective gainst |
|
Definition
| bacteria, fungi, aparasitic protozoans, viruses, and blood toxins |
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Term
| bone marorw stem cell is either |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| monocyte, megakaryocyte, granulocyte, lymphocyte, and mast cell |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutorphils, eosinophils, basophils |
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Term
|
Definition
| natural kille rcells, B lymphocyte, or T lymhocyte |
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Term
|
Definition
| killer helper, memory, suppressor |
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Term
| cell mediated immunity involves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T lymphocytes mature in the |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| antibody like protein at surface that recognizes antigen |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ]If t lymphocyte binds to self antigen in thmus |
|
Definition
| that t lymphocyte is destroyed |
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Term
| T lymphocyte that does not bind to self antigen in thmus |
|
Definition
| released to lodge in lymphoid tissue or circulate between blood and lymph fluid |
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Term
| T lymphocytes that are not destroyed idfferentiate into |
|
Definition
| hlelper T cells, memory T cells, suppressor T cels, killer T cells (cytotoxic t cells9 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B lymphocytes, killer, and suppressor T cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| negative feedback in immune system |
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Term
|
Definition
| antigen carrying cell and relese perfornin |
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