Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Members of one of three domains of life; prokaryotic cells other than archae with unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A rod-shaped bacterial cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of bacteria that exhibit a variety of spiral or undulating shapes or are comma-shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gelatinous layer surrounding the cells of blue-green algae and certain bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slender, long extension that propels a cell through a fluid medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, bristlelike fiber on the surface of a bacterial cell, which attaches bacteria to a surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elongated, hollow appendage on bacteria used to transfer DNA from one cell to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Self-replicating ring of accessory DNA in the cytoplasm of bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms. Toxins are nearly always proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact of absorption with body tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Noncellular, parasitic agent consisting of an outer capsid and an inner core of nucleic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infectious particle that is the cause of diseases, such as scrapie in sheep, mad cow disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans; it was a protein component, but no nucleic acid has been detected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slowly progressive fatal disease affecting the CNS of cattle; transmissible to humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid, derived from tissue fluid, that is carried in lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organ other than a lymphatic vessel that is part of the lymphatic system; includes lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood-cell-forming tissue located in the spaces within spongy bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphatic organ, located along the trachea behind the sternum, involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus gland. Secretes hormones called thymosins, which aid the maturation of T cells and perhaps stimulate immune cells in general |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large, glandular organ located in the upper left region of the abdomen; stores and purifies blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mass of lymphatic tissue located along the course of a lymphatic vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mass of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by a capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Partially encapsulated lymph nodules located in the pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphatic organs located in the small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability of the body to protect itself from foreign substances and cells, including disease-causing agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue response to injury that is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enayme found in tears, milk, saliva, mucus, and other body fluids that destroys bacteria by digesting their cell walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substance, produced by basophils in blood and mast cells in connective tissues, that causes capillaries to dilate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell to which antibodies, formed in response to allergens, attach, causing it to release histamine, thus producing allergic symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick, yellowish fluid composed of dead phagocytes, dead tissue, and bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of protein secreted by a T cell that stimulates cells of the immune system to perform their various functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte that ingests microbes and debris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Series of proteins in plasma that form a nonspecific defense mechanism against a microbe invasion; it complements the antigen-antibody reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of complement proteins that form channels in a microbe's surface, thereby destroying it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antiviral agent produced by an infected cell that blocks the infection of another cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreign substance, usually a protein or a polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecule on the surface of a B lymphocyte to which an antigen binds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concept that an antigen selects which lymphocyte will undergo clonal expansion and produce more lymphocytes bearing the same type of antigen receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell derived from a B lymphocyte specialized to mass-produce antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell |
|
|
Term
| Antibody-mediated immunity |
|
Definition
| Specific mechanism of defense in which plasma cells derived from B cells produce antibodies that combine with antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecule on the surface of a T lymphocyte to which an antigen binds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell that displays the antigen to the cells of the immune system so they can defend the body against that particular antigen |
|
|
Term
| Major histocompatibility complex |
|
Definition
| Cluster of genes on chromosome 6 concerned with self-antigen production; matching these is critical to success of organ transplants. The MHC includes the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cell that attacks and kills antigen-bearing cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific mechanism of defense in which T cells destroy antigen-bearing cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cell that secretes cytokines that stimulate all types of immune system cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cell that differentiates during an initial infection and responds rapidly during subsequent exposure to the same antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistance to disease due to the immune system's response to a microorganism or a vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protection against infection acquired by transfer of antibodies to a susceptible individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of a vaccine to protect the body against specific disease-causing agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antigens prepared in such a way that they can promote active immunity without causing disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of antibody present in a sample of blood serum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large proteins found in the blood plasma and on the surface of immune cells, functioning as antibodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that functions as a metabolic regulator of the immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immune response to substances that usually are not recognized as foreign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foreign substance capable of stimulating an allergic response |
|
|
Term
| Immediate allergic response |
|
Definition
| Allergic response that occurs within seconds of contact with an allergen, caused by the attachment of the allergen IgE antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seasonal variety of allergic reaction due to a specific allergen. Characterized by sudden attacks of sneezing, swelling of nasal mucosa, and often asthmatic symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Severe systemic form of allergic reaction involving bronchiolar constriction, impaired breathing, vasodilation, and a rapid drop in blood pressure with a threat of circulatory failure |
|
|
Term
| Delayed allergic response |
|
Definition
| Allergic response initiated at the site of the allergen by sensitized T cells, involving macrophages and regulated by cytokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inactivating the immune system to prevent organ rejection, usually via a drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use of animal organs, instead of human organs, in human transplant patients |
|
|
Term
| Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) |
|
Definition
| Congenital illness in which both antibody- and cell mediated immunity are lacking or inadequate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease that results when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease caused by bacterial infection, characterized by fever, swelling and pain in the joints, sore throat, and cardiac involvement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Persistent inflammation of synovial joints, often causing cartilage destruction, bone erosion, and joint deformities |
|
|
Term
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
|
Definition
| Syndrome involving the connective tissues and various organs, including kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic disease characterized by muscles that are weak and easily fatigued. It results from the immune system's attack on neuromuscular junctions so that stimuli are not transmitted from motor neurons to muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease in which the outer myelin layer of nerve fiber insulation becomes scarred, interfering with normal conduction of nerve impulses |
|
|
