Meaning: Against 

Example: Antgenic –relating to or characteristic of an antigen, a substance that triggers an immune response. 

Meaning: Large 

Example: Macrophage –a large white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens and debris. 

Meaning: One, single 

Example: Mononucleosis –a viral infection that increases certain types of white blood cells (monocytes) and often affects lymph nodes. 

Meaning: New 

Example: Neoplasm –a new and abnormal growth of tissue, often a tumor. 

Meaning: Distant 

Example: Teletherapy –a form of external radiation therapy where the radiation source is distant from the body. 

Meaning: Without, not 

Example: Anoxia –the absence of oxygen in tissues. 

Meaning: Slow 

Example: Bradypnea –abnormally slow breathing. 

Meaning: Blue 

Example: Cyanoderma –a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, also referred to as cyanosis. 

Meaning: Difficult, painful, abnormal 

Example: Dysphonia –a condition involving difficulty speaking or having an abnormal voice, often caused by issues in the larynx or vocal cords

Meaning: Within, inside 

Example: Endotracheal intubation –the insertion of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to maintain an open airway. 

Meaning: Good, normal 

Example: Eucapnia –a normal level of carbon dioxide in the blood, essential for maintaining pH balance and respiratory health.

Meaning: Excessive, above 

Example: hyperresonance –an increased echo heard during percussion of the chest, often indicating air trapping in conditions like pneumothorax or emphysema. 

Meaning: Below, deficient 

Example: Hypoxemia –low levels of oxygen in the blood, which can impair the delivery of oxygen to tissues and organs. It is often caused by respiratory disorders such as asthma, pneumonia, COPD, or pulmonary embolism. 

Meaning: Beside, near 

Example: Paranasal –beside the nose. 

Meaning: Many, excessive 

Example: Polysomnography –a test to study multiple aspects of sleep, often used to diagnosis sleep disorders. 

Meaning: Fast 

Example: Tachypnea –rapid breathing. 

Meaning: Pertaining to 

Example: Hypochondriac –Pertaining to the upper abdomen beneath the ribs. The hypochondriac regions are located near lymph nodes that assist in draining parts of the abdominal cavity. 

Meaning: Pertaining to 

Example: Inguinal –pertaining to the groin, where many lymph nodes are located. 

Meaning: Pertaining to 

Example: Axillary –pertaining to the armpit. 

Meaning: Removal 

Example: Plasmapheresis –removal of plasma from the blood, often used to treat autoimmune disorders affecting the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Killing 

Example: Bactericide –a substance that kills bacteria, sometimes used to prevent infections in lymphatic tissues. 

Meaning: Swelling 

Example: Lymphedema –swelling that generally occurs in one of the arms or legs due to a blockage in the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Creation, formation 

Example: Lymphangiogenesis –the formation of new lymphatic vessels, a process that plays a vital role in tissue repair, immune responses, and conditions such as cancer, by providing additional pathways for fluid and cell transport. 

Meaning: Pertaining to 

Example: Cytotoxic –pertaining to the destruction of cells, often used in cancer treatments affecting lymphatic cells. 

Meaning: Specialist in the study of 

Example: Oncologist –a doctor who specializes in the study and treatment of cancer, including cancers affecting the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Study of 

Example: Immunology –the study of the immune system, including diseases that affect the lymphatic system, such as lymphoma, lymphedema, and autoimmune conditions 

Meaning: Destruction 

Example: Hemolytic –pertaining to the destruction of red blood cells, which can affect immune and lymphatic function. 

Meaning: View of 

Example: Biopsy –the removal of tissue for examination, often used to diagnose lymphatic cancers. 

Meaning: Formation, growth 

Example: Cytoplasm –the gel-like material within cells, including lymphatic cells, where cellular processes occur. 

Meaning: Formation or production 

Example: Hematopoiesis –the formation of blood cells, which are essential to immune and lymphatic function. 

Meaning: Inhibiting 

Example: Bacteriostatic –an agent that inhibits bacterial growth, helping prevent infections in the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Treatment 

Example: Radiotherapy –treatment using radiation, often used for cancers that affect the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Process, condition 

Example: Expectoration –the process of coughing up material from the lungs. 

Meaning: Surgical puncture to remove fluid 

Example: Thoracentesis –removal of fluid from the pleural space. 

Meaning: Pain 

Example: Pleurodynia –pain in the pleura (lining of the lungs). 

Meaning: Dilation, expansion 

Example: Bronchiectasis –dilation of the bronchi. 

Meaning: Condition 

Example: Empyema –a collection of pus within a cavity in the body, particularly the pleural space of the lungs. 

Meaning: Condition 

Example: Hypoxia –a condition of low oxygen levels. 

Meaning: Having the ability to, pertaining to 

Example: Antitussive –a medication used to suppress coughing. 

Meaning: Measuring device 

Example: Pulse oximeter –a device used to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood. 

Meaning: Tumor, mass 

Example: Granuloma –a mass of immune cells in the lungs. 

Meaning: Breathing 

Example: Orthopnea –difficulty breathing that improves when sitting or standing upright. It is often associated with heart failure or lung conditions where lying flat can cause shortness of breath. 

Meaning: Spitting 

Example: Hemoptysis –spitting up blood from the respiratory tract. 

Meaning: Discharge, flow 

Example: Rhinorrhea –discharge from the nose. 

Meaning: Visual examination 

Example: Bronchoscopy –visual examination of the bronchi. 

Meaning: Instrument for viewing 

Example: Bronchoscope –an instrument used to view the bronchi.

Meaning: Involuntary contraction 

Example: Bronchospasm –involuntary contraction of the bronchi, often seen in asthma. 

Meaning: Dripping, bleeding 

Example: Epistaxis –the medical term for a nosebleed. 

Meaning: Creation of an opening 

Example: Tracheostomy –the surgical creation of an opening in the trachea

Meaning: Cutting, incision 

Example: Laryngotomy –a surgical incision into the larynx (voice-box). 

Meaning: Gland 

Example: Adenopathy –disease of the glands, especially the lymph nodes. 

Meaning: Adenoids 

Example: Adenoidectomy –surgical removal of the adenoids, which are part of the lymphatic system

Meaning: Cancer 

Example: Carcinoma –a type of cancer that begins in epithelial tissues and can spread to the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Neck 

Example: cervicodynia –pain in the neck, which can be associated with swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) or infections in the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Cell 

Example: Cytology –the study of cells, often used to diagnose diseases affecting lymphatic cells. 

Meaning: Fungus 

Example: Fungicide –an agent that kills fungi, often used to prevent fungal infections in the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: immune, immunity 

Example: Immunogenic –something that can provoke an immune response, such as an antigen or vaccine component. 

Meaning: Lymph 

Example: Lymphoma –a type of cancer that begins in lymphatic tissues. 

Meaning: Lymph node 

Example: Lymphadenopathy –disease of the lymph nodes, often seen in infections or cancers. 

Meaning: Lymph vessel 

Example: Lymphangiography –imaging of the lymphatic vessels. 

Meaning: Lymphocyte 

Example: Lymphocytopenia –a deficiency of lymphocytes, which are vital to immune function. 

Meaning: Breast 

Example: Mammogram –an image of the breast, used to screen for breast cancer, which can spread to lymph nodes; Mastectomy – surgical removal of the breast. 

Meaning: Tumor 

Example: Oncology –the study of cancer, including cancers of the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Eat, swallow 

Example: Phagocyte –cell that engulfs and digests foreign substances, including bacteria, dead cells, and debris, which is crucial to the immune response

Meaning: Formation, development 

Example: Neoplastic –pertaining to the growth of a tumor, often in lymphatic tissues. 

Meaning: Spleen 

Example: Splenectomy –surgical removal of the spleen. 

Meaning: Thymus gland 

Example: Thymoma –a tumor originating from the thymus gland, part of the lymphatic system. 

Meaning: Tonsil 

Example: Tonsillectomy –surgical removal of the tonsils. 

Meaning: Virus 

Example: Viremia –the presence of viruses in the blood, often affecting the lymphatic and immune systems. 

Meaning: Pharynx (throat) 

Example: Pharyngitis –Inflammation of the throat, usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Treatments depend on the cause and may include antibiotics or throat lozenges. 

Meaning: Voice 

Example: Aphonia –Loss of voice due to laryngeal damage, vocal cord paralysis, or psychological factors. Treatment may involve speech therapy, rest, or surgery in severe cases.

Meaning: Diaphragm 

Example: Phrenospasm –an involuntary spasm or contraction of the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a key role in breathing. 

Meaning: Pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs) 

Example: Pleurisy –Inflammation of the pleura, often caused by infections, injuries, or autoimmune diseases. It causes sharp chest pain when breathing. Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include anti-inflammatory drugs.

Meaning: Lung, air 

Example: Pneumonia –An infection causing inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, leading to fluid buildup, fever, cough, and chest pain. Treatment depends on the cause and may include antibiotics, antivirals, or oxygen therapy. 

Meaning: Lung 

Example: Pulmonologist –A physician specializing in diseases of the respiratory system, such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. They perform diagnostic tests and create treatment plans to manage lung conditions. 

Meaning: X-rays, radiation 

Meaning: X-rays, radiation 

Example: Radiology –The medical field focused on imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to diagnose and treat conditions. Radiologists interpret these images to identify abnormalities like tumors, fractures, or infections. 

Meaning: Breathing 

Example: Cheyne-Stokes respiration –An abnormal breathing pattern seen in patients with heart failure or neurological disorders, characterized by alternating periods of rapid and shallow breathing followed by apnea. 

Meaning: Nose 

Example: Rhinoplasty –A condition involving excessive mucus discharge from the nose, often caused by allergies, infections, or irritants. 

Meaning: Septum 

Example: Septoplasty –Surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum, improving airflow and relieving nasal congestion. 

Meaning: Sinus 

Example: Sinusitis –Inflammation or infection of the sinuses, leading to congestion, facial pain, and pressure. 

Meaning: Sleep 

Example: Hypersomnia –A condition marked by excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep that may occur even after receiving sufficient rest. 

Meaning: To cut, section 

Example: Tomography –Imaging technique that captures cross-sectional views of the body, such as CT scans, to visualize internal structures. 

Meaning: Carbon dioxide 

Example: Hypercapnia – A condition marked by excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, often caused by hypoventilation or lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Symptoms include confusion, shortness of breath, and headaches, requiring ventilation support in severe cases. 

Meaning: Bladder, sac 

Example: Cystic fibrosis – A genetic disorder that leads to thick, sticky mucus buildup in the lungs and digestive system. It causes difficulty breathing, chronic lung infections, and malnutrition due to pancreatic enzyme deficiencies. Treatment involves mucus-thinning drugs and airway clearance techniques. 

Meaning: Diaphragm 

Example: Diaphragmatocele – A hernia in the diaphragm, where abdominal organs push into the chest cavity. This condition may lead to breathing difficulties, chest pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Surgical repair is often necessary to correct the defect

Meaning: Epiglottis 

Example: Epiglottitis – Severe inflammation of the epiglottis, which is the flap covering the windpipe during swallowing. Often caused by bacterial infections, it can obstruct airflow and lead to a life-threatening emergency. Immediate medical attention is required, often involving antibiotics and airway management.

Meaning: Blood 

Example: Hemothoractomy– A surgical procedure involving an incision into the thorax, or chest cavity, to drain blood that has accumulated in the pleural space. 

Meaning: Larynx (voice box) 

Example: Laryngomalacia – A condition where the soft tissues of the larynx are abnormally flexible, causing them to collapse inward during breathing. This can result in noisy breathing (stridor), especially in infants. 

Meaning: Lobe 

Example: Lobectomy – Surgical removal of a lobe of the lung, often performed to treat lung cancer, tuberculosis, or severe infections. Recovery may involve pulmonary rehabilitation and breathing exercises to improve lung function. 

Meaning: Mucus 

Example: Mucolytic – A medication that helps break down and thin mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. Mucolytics are commonly used in treating chronic respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis and COPD. 

Meaning: Mucus 

Example: Mucolytic – A medication that helps break down and thin mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. Mucolytics are commonly used in treating chronic respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis and COPD. 

Meaning: Nose 

Example: Nasopharyngitis – Inflammation of the nasal passages and pharynx, commonly referred to as the common cold. Symptoms include nasal congestion, sore throat, and sneezing. Treatments focus on symptom relief with decongestants and hydration. 

Meaning: Oxygen 

Example: Hypoxia – A condition characterized by low oxygen levels in body tissues, which can result from respiratory failure, high altitudes, or anemia. Symptoms include shortness of breath, confusion, and cyanosis. Treatment may involve supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation.