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15:1, normal value 10
greater than 20:1 = prerenal cause of insufficiency |
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| Total bilirubin (t-bili) range |
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anticholinergic/antimuscarnic
decrease gastric secretion and gastrointestinal motility --> can cause constipation and other anticholinergic effects.
Good for IBS diarrhea |
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Definition
anticholinergic/antimuscarnic
decrease gastric secretion and gastrointestinal motility --> can cause constipation and other anticholinergic effects.
Good for IBS diarrhea |
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| Chlordiazepoxide/clidinium |
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Definition
antipasmodic/benzodiazepine
only a possible effect.
given 30min - 1 h before meals and bedtime. |
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Definition
Antidiarrheal
For IBS-diarrhea
Slows GI motilit taken before meals or PRN |
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Definition
For IBS-Constipation
CHloride channel activator --> increase intestinal fluid secretion |
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Definition
5-ASA (pentasa, asacol, rowasa, cantasa)
Anti-inflammatory (topical action)
may alter fluid balance and cause immunosuppression and alter GI flora
First line therapy for IBD |
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Definition
Mesalamine (5-asa)
Terminal ileum and Colon |
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Mesalamine (5-asa)
Small intestine and colon |
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Definition
Mesalamine (5-asa)
Throughout colon |
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Definition
5-ASA
Use in disease confined to colon (so good for UC or CD confined in colol) |
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Definition
MEsalamine (5-ASA)
Suppository --> procritis |
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Definition
Mesalamine (5-ASA0
Eneme --> up to splenic flexure |
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Term
| Proctocort-hydrocortisone |
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Definition
| prednisone enema for proctitis or distal colitis |
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Definition
Budesonide. corticosteroid
90% first pass metabolism --> smaller ADR |
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Definition
| metabolite of azathioprine. |
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Definition
Supress T-cell activation
Steroid sparing |
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Definition
Immunosupressive
weekly dosing (steroid sparing?) |
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Definition
| Severe active UC and fistulating CD |
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Definition
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Definition
| TNF inhibitor (SC - q 4 weeks) |
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Definition
| TnF inhibitor (IV q 8 weeks) |
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Definition
Men and women different
4-6 x 10^6/mm3 (5 avg) |
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Definition
Men and women different
12-18g/dL (15 avg) |
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Definition
Men and woman are different
40-50% (45 avg) |
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| MCVolume (wintrobe indices) |
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Definition
| Hct/RBC (45/5 x 10 = 90 average) |
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| MCHemoglobin (wintrobe indices) |
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Definition
| Hgb/RBC (15/5 x 10 = 30 picograms average) |
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| MCHC (hemoglobin concentrtation) - wintrobe indices |
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Definition
| Hgb/Hct x 100% (15/45 X 100% = 33.3% average |
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| Red Cell distribution Width |
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Definition
11.5 - 14.5%
15% is a non specific sign of anemia |
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0.5 - 2.5 %
% of immature RBC circulating |
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| ***Total iron bindint capacity (FYI?) |
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Definition
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30-160 ng/mL
over 160 indicates chronic disease
less than 10 iron deffiiency |
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Definition
increase with inflammation
0-20/0-30 (males/females) |
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Definition
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| Activated Partial Thromboplastin TIme (aPTT) |
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Definition
22-38 seconds
intrinsic and common
used to monitor heparin |
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| Prothrombin Time 10-13 seconds |
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Definition
10-13 seconds
Extrinsic and common
INR is a standardized form |
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| INR mechanical/prosthetic valve |
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Definition
<200 IU L
CK-MB <6% of total CK = normal
riseing --> sign of MI |
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| ***B-type natriuretic Peptide (BNP) (FYI?) |
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| Drug increasing WBC (leukocytosis) |
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Definition
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| Drugs Decrease WBC (leukopenia) |
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Definition
| chemotherapy and clozapine |
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Yellow/brown urine
Dark/Brown |
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Daunorubicin or doxorubicin
Rifampin
Senna |
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Zero to trace (reported as (1,2,3 packed = logrhythmic, 10,100,1000)
100,000 CFU/mL = significant bacteria |
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| epithelial cells urinalysis |
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Definition
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| Thyroid stimulating hormones |
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Definition
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| sweet food, coolness, weight gain |
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| Sour, warmth, weight gain |
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| Salty, warmth weight gain |
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| bitter, cool, weight loss |
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Definition
| pungent, warmth, weight loss |
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| Pre-transplantation compatibility |
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Definition
| Bloodtype, MHC-HLA matching, serology, Panerl reactive antibody score |
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Term
| Cyclosporine Adverse effect |
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Definition
gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism
Nephrotoxicity |
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| Tacrolimus adverse effect |
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Definition
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| what corticosteroids are most often used in transplantation |
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Definition
| methylprednisolone & prednisone |
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cytotoxic, kill DNA synthesis
azathioprine mycophenolate (two forms) |
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| Acyclovir and cyclosporine interacts with MPAG/MPA (respectively) |
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Definition
Acyclovir/MPAG - both increase AUC
Cyclosporin/MPA - AUC decrease in MPA |
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| Allopurinol and Azathioprine interaction |
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Definition
| Azathioprine needs xanthine oxidase to be cleared. allopurionl inhibits xanthine --> auc increase in Azathioprine |
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Definition
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Definition
| long half life.often in combinatin with steroid anc calcineurin inhibitor or as a replacement if low risk. |
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| MTOR inhibitor adverse effect |
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Definition
| hypercholestrolemia an d hypertriglyceridemia --> dose reduction, time, statin |
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Term
| Which drug has a higher reversal rate of first-time acute rejection compared to corticosteroids |
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Definition
| antithymocite. after first time, its comparable to steroids |
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| Basiliximab drug interactions |
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Definition
| increase cyclosporine and tacrolimus levels |
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Term
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Definition
| capillary leak syndrome --> pulmonary edema |
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Term
| post transplant lymphoproliferative disease |
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Definition
| possible post transplant complications --> increase lymphocytse |
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Term
| Post transplant complications |
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Definition
Plasma B cell hyperplasia
hypertension
Hypertension usually Drug induced (steroids - water retention, calcineurin inhibitors --> vasoconstriction |
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| What are the mainstay of immunosupression? |
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Definition
| calcineurin inhibitors (cytostatic) |
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| Primary cause of renal dysfunction in nonrenal tranplantation? |
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Definition
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| Types of oncologic emergencies |
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Definition
| Mechanical, Infectious, hematologic, metabolic |
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Definition
best treatment for TLS. oxidize uric acid into allantoin, can be broken down to hydrogen peroxide which is neutralized unless pt doesnt have G6PD.
No dose adjustments needed for renal or hepatic |
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| WHat is the most frequent metabolic emergency |
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Definition
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Definition
| hydration, diuresis. enhance renal excretion of calcium and inhibit bone resorption. |
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Term
| Spinal cord compression treatment |
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Definition
| corticosteroids,radiation therapy, surgery if not candidate for radiation |
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Term
| Obstruction above SVC and azygos vein |
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Definition
| usually manifestation above neck like face, neck edema and arms |
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Term
| obstruction below SVC and azygos vein |
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Definition
| has everthing that supraazygos deos but worse and cause heart problems. |
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Term
| Superior vena cava syndrome treatment |
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Definition
radiation therapy, stenting/angioplasty
anticoagulation is controversial. does not improve survaial but can improve more rapidly.
diuretics and elevation of head above bed to relieve symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| not corrosive, can cause irreversible inflammatory effect but not tissue damage usually. Can just slow infusion rate or dilute |
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Term
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Definition
Tissue blistering, tissue damage, highly reactive chemicals that combine proteins, DNA and other cellular components.
Anthracllines, vinka alkaloids |
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| What drug can increase synthesis of transfering deacrsing total iron binding capacity |
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Definition
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Definition
| increase with inflammation (infection, neoplasm, connective tissue disorder, prgnancy) |
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