Term
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Definition
| Dust mites, pet dander, made worse by exercise, stress and pollution |
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Term
| What are symptoms of Asthma? |
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Definition
| Difficulty breathing, coughing, tight feeling in chest. |
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Term
| What happens when an individual has asthma? |
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Definition
Muscles in walls of bronchioles and bronchi contract (size of airway reduced)
Goblet cells produce excess mucus
Most cells produce histamines so linings become inflamed and blood vessel dilate.
air flow restricted-> less air reaching alveoli-> hard to maintain diffusion gradient-> less oxygen in blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| prolonged exposure to fine dust particles (mining) |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortness of breath, dry cough,pain and tiredness |
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Term
| What happens in Fibrosis? |
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Definition
Engulf bacteria and dust macrophages move into connective tissue from alveoli
If there is a constant amount of bacteria then machrophage stay in scar tissue which thickens connective tissue, creating slower diffusion rate.
Fibrosis tissue also reduces elasticity of aveoli making it harder to ventilate lungs |
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Term
| What causes Emphysema and what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
Toxins in cigarette smoking
Tiredness and difficulty in breathing |
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Term
| What happens in Emphysema? |
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Definition
| Toxins in smoke stimulate white blood cells release enzymes, slowly break down walls of alveoli(smaller surface area-> slower diffusion) Enzymes break down elastic fibres (cant breath as effectivly) |
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Term
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Definition
| Coughing/sneezing as bacteria transmitted in droplets |
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Term
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Definition
| cough, tiredness, coughing up blood |
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Term
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Definition
bacteria multiply and form clumps (tubercles)infected tissue dies destroying alveoli. less exchange surface-> less diffusion
Can also lead to fibrosis |
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Term
| What is meant by asymptomatic? |
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Definition
| when people are infected but don't know as bacteria lies dormant in tubercles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty deposit that forms WITHIN an artey wall |
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Term
| How does an atheroma lead to myocardial infaction? |
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Definition
| They can enlarge to form plaques which bulge into lumen of the artery. causing it to narrow so blood flow is reduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an atheroma breaks through the lining of blood vessel to form a rough surface which interrupts flow of blood. This can result in a blood clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| atheromas that lead to thrombosis also weaken artery wealls. The weakened points swell to form a balloon like blood filled structure. |
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Term
| What happens when an aneurysm bursts? |
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Definition
| Lead to haemorrhage and therefore loss of blood to the region of the body served by that artery. |
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Term
| What is a myocardial infarction? |
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Definition
| A heart attack. When a coronary artery is blocked. |
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Term
| Why does smoking increase your risk of heart disease? |
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Definition
Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin and reduces amount of oxygen transported in blood so heart muscle must work harder.
Nicotine stimulate production of adrenaline, inccreases heart rate and raises blood pressure. makes platelets in blood stick-> thrombosis, |
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Term
| Why does high blood pressure increase your chance of heart disease? |
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Definition
| high pressure in arteries already, heart must work harder to pump blood. Damaged walls have a risk of atheorma or aneuryms.Artery walls become thicker so reduce blood flow. |
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Term
| Why does cholesterol increase chance of heart disease? |
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Definition
| LDL transport cholesterol from liver to tissue, which they infiltrate leading to atheroma. |
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