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| rocks crumbble,crack,or break down chemicaly |
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| when running water,wind,or ice grind away at rocks |
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| all animal and plant life |
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| Name the three types of rocks |
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Definition
| Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Igneous |
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Term
| Absolute dating is the process of ______________. |
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Definition
| establishing the age of an object in years, most commonly accomplished by radiometric dating. |
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| Name five geologic time divisions. (AEPEE) |
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Definition
| Age, Epoch, Period, Era, Eon |
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| A(n) ___________ is a unit of geological time which is distinguished by some feature (like an Ice _____.), It usually lasts from a few million years to about a hundred million years. |
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| A(n) _______ is a division of a geologic period; it is the smallest division of geologic time, lasting several million years. |
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| The ________ is the basic unit of geological time in which a single type of rock system is formed, lasting tens of millions of years. |
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| Two or more geological periods comprise an _______, which is hundreds of millions of years in duration. |
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| Two or more geological eras form an _______, which is THE LARGEST DIVISION OF GEOLOGIC TIME, lasting many hundreds of millions of years. |
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| What is the difference between silicate and non silicate minerals? |
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| Non-silicate minerals don't contain silicon and oxygen in tandem; silicate minerals do. |
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| A(n) _______ is the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element. |
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| A(n) _________ is a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure. |
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| ________ minerals contain both silicon and oxygen. |
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| _________ is the color of a mineral in powdered form. |
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| __________ is a silicate mineral that makes up about half of the earth's crust. |
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| What is the tendency of some minerals to break along smooth, flat surfaces? |
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| What term describes the way a surface reflects light? |
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| What is the correct order of hardness (hard to soft) as measured by the Moh's hardness scale? |
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| Native elements, oxides, sulfates, and halides are types of nonsilicate minerals. What are the other two classes? |
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| Which characteristics are used to classify rocks? |
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| The study of the earth's history is called _______. |
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| Name three ways lava and magma are related. |
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Definition
| 1. Lava is on the earth's surface, while magma is within the earth. 2. Lava generally cools faster than magma. 3. Rock grains from lava are usually more fine. |
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| Magma that cools below the Earth's surface forms _______ rock. |
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| __________ breaks down rocks (earth). _______ carries sediment from one place to another. |
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| Limestone is an example of what type of sedimentary rock? |
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| __________ metamorphism occurs when magma comes into direct contact with surrounding rock. |
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| A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ___________ or ____________. |
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| ______ refers to a mineral deposit large and pure enough to be mined. |
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| Many scientists believe that the dinosaurs became extinct because an asteroid hit the earth. This would be an example of __________. |
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| Is most geographical change unexpected or gradual or catastrophic? |
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| The Nile River flows through North Africa to the ________. |
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| The Atlas Mountains extend across which three North African countries? |
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Definition
| Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria |
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| _________ is the principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks in undisturbed sequences. |
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| What do we call gaps in the rock layer sequence? |
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| What do we call gaps in the rock layer sequence? |
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| What are two theories on the formation of the earth? |
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| Uniformitarianism and catastrophism |
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| Nondeposition occurs when _________. |
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Definition
| the supply of sediment is cut off. |
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| During radioactive decay, a(n) ________ isotope breaks down into a(n) isotope. |
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Definition
| unstable parent.....stable daughter. |
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| Which of the following terms is not used to describe luster? Dull, hexagonal, waxy, pearly. |
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| Is color or streak a more reliable way to identify a mineral? |
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Definition
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| Sulfates contain ________ and _________. |
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Definition
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| Carbonates and sulfides and sulfates are classes of nonsilicate minerals. What are the other two? |
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Definition
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| What is the tendency of a mineral to break along curved/uneven surfaces called? |
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Definition
| A fracture, and it's one way of identifying minerals. |
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Term
| If you put equal sized pieces of talc (hardness 1), topaz (hardness 8), and diamond (10) in a box and shook it vigorously, what would happen to each piece? |
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Definition
| Talc breaks into many pieces, the other two depend on how hard you shake the box. |
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| Name seven ways of identifying minerals. |
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Definition
| Hardness, streak, Color, luster, density, type of crystal, cleavage and fracture. |
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| The three main classes or types of rocks are ______, ______ and ________, and the differences among them have to do with ________________. |
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Definition
| The three main types, or classes, of rock are sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous and the differences among them have to do with how they are formed. |
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What type of rocks does this describe?
These rocks are formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of material. Together, all these particles are called _________. Gradually, the _______ accumulates in layers and over a long period of time hardens into rock. Generally, __________ rock is fairly soft and may break apart or crumble easily. You can often see sand, pebbles, or stones in the rock, and it is usually the only type that contains fossils.
Examples of this rock type include conglomerate and limestone. |
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Definition
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What type of rocks does this describe?
These rocks are formed under the surface of the earth from the CHANGE that occurs due to intense heat and pressure (squeezing). The rocks that result from these processes often have ribbonlike layers and may have shiny crystals, formed by minerals growing slowly over time, on their surface.
Examples of this rock type include gneiss and marble. |
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Definition
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What type of rocks does this describe?
These rocks are formed when magma (molten rock deep within the earth) cools and hardens. Sometimes the magma cools inside the earth, and other times it erupts onto the surface from volcanoes (in this case, it is called lava). When lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock looks shiny and glasslike. Sometimes gas bubbles are trapped in the rock during the cooling process, leaving tiny holes and spaces in the rock.
Examples of this rock type include basalt and obsidian. |
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| These minerals make up more than 90% of the earth's crust? |
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Definition
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| The smallest part of an element is a(n) _________. |
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| A compound is a substance made of _______________. |
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Definition
| two or more elements that have been chemically joined. |
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| Solid, geometric forms of minerals produced by a repeating pattern of atoms throughout the mineral is a _________. |
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Definition
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| The basic building blocks of many rocks are ______. |
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Definition
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| This makes up half of the earth's crust and is the main component of rocks. |
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Definition
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| Feldspar and quartz are examples of ________ minerals. |
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Definition
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| Nonsilicate minerals are minerals that are not silicate. They could be made of what four things? |
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Definition
| carbon, oxygen, iron or sulfur |
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| A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means is called an __________. |
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Definition
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| A mineral is a ________ formed, ___________ solid, with a _________ structure. |
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Definition
| naturally formed, inorganic solid, with a crystalline structure. |
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Term
| Is color usually reliable in classifying colors? |
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Definition
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| Streak is the color of a mineral in ________ form. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the way a surface reflects light. |
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| Density refers to ____________. |
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Definition
| how much matter there is in a given amount of space. |
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Term
| SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the ratio of __________. |
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Definition
| an object's density to the density of water. (1g/cm3) |
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| TRUE OR FALSE: A mineral breaks preferentially depending on the pattern of the mineral's atoms (think crystals) |
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Definition
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| Hardness refers to a mineral's ____________. |
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Definition
| resistance to being scratched. |
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| Hardness is measured on ___________, on a scale of 1 to 10 - 1 being _______ and 10 being ________. |
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Definition
| Mohs' hardness scale. 1 = softest, 10 = hardest. |
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| The shape of the earth is an ____________ |
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| As the earth moves, it _______ around its own axis and ________ around the sun. |
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Definition
| As the earth moves, it ROTATES around its own axis and REVOLVES around the sun. |
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| Other than a 3D computer simulation, the most accurate representation of Earth is a ________. |
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Definition
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| Longitude lines (meridians) run _____ on the globe and are measured in _________. |
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Definition
| pole to pole, measured in degrees east and west. |
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| Latitude lines (parallels) run ______ on the globe and are measured ________. |
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Definition
| horizontal, measured north to south |
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| Most of South America is located in the _________. |
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