Term
| Which vitamin prevents bone loss and fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Decrease in Vitamin D or calcium causes |
|
Definition
| Decrease in calcium absorbtion |
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Term
| Decrease in absorbed calcium decreases what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does decreased serum Ca++ levels cause an increase of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does parathymoid hormone increase the rate of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does increased bone remodelling lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ultimate effect of increase bone loss |
|
Definition
| Greater risk of bone fracture |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. Calcium metabolism
2. Cell differentiation (particularly of collagen/skin epithelium)
3. Immunity |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D and calcium metabolism |
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Definition
| Vitamin D enhances calcium absorbtion in the gut and renal tubules |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| important for cell mediated immunity and coordination of immune response |
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Term
| What can lead to a decrease in bone mass/quality? (2) |
|
Definition
1. Early menopausal bone loss
2. Calcium/Vit D deficiency |
|
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Term
| What does a decrease in bone mass/quality lead to eventually? |
|
Definition
| Low bone mass/impaired bone quality |
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Term
| What can also influence a low bone mass/impaired bone quality? |
|
Definition
| Inadequate peak bone mass |
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Term
| With the addition of trauma, what will low bone mass/impaired quality lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The amount of bony tissue present at the end of skeletal maturation |
|
|
Term
| What can concentrate mechanical stress in bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship of bone fracture occurance and resorbtion cavities? |
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Definition
| Bone most likely to fracture at the site of bone resorbtion |
|
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Term
| Causes of inadequate peak bone mass? |
|
Definition
1. Genetic factors
2. Inadequate nutrition during growth & development
3. Limited physical activity
4. Diseases/drugs during growth that impair bone aquisition |
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Term
|
Definition
| light porous bone enclosing large spaces which gives a spongy appearance |
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Term
| Post menopausal women and cancellous bone |
|
Definition
| High rate of cancellous bone loss |
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Term
| What can lead to decreased vitamin d synthesis in the aged? (2) |
|
Definition
1. Impaired renal function
2. Decreased sunlight exposure |
|
|
Term
| What does decreased vitamin D synthesis lead to? |
|
Definition
| Decreased calcium absorbtion |
|
|
Term
| What condition is caused by decreased calcium absorbtion? |
|
Definition
| Secondary hyperparathymoidism |
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|
Term
| What also causes decreased calcium absorbtion in the aged? (2) |
|
Definition
1. Oestrogen deficiency
2. Low dietary calcium intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Muscle weakness
2. Poor balance
3. Poor eyesight
4. Benzodiazepine use |
|
|
Term
| Risk for fractures in a fall (4) |
|
Definition
1. Failure to break a fall
2. Falling to the side
3. Age
4. Low bone mass |
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