Term
| Effect of lingual and gastric lipase |
|
Definition
| Remove limited number of fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Panceatic lipase on TAG -> |
|
Definition
| 2 fatty acids + Monoacylglycerol (C2 has acyl group) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cholesterol + Ester
using cholesteryl ester hydrolase |
|
|
Term
| What do the polar products from from enzymic digestion? |
|
Definition
| Mixed micelles of free FA, MAG and cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| What affects lipid transport in circulation |
|
Definition
| Lipids are insoluble in plasma |
|
|
Term
| How are lipids transported in circulation |
|
Definition
| Combined with specific proteins to form lipoproteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weakly associated with a particular lipoprotein and are easily transferred to a different class lipoprotein |
|
|
Term
| 5 lipoprotien types + function |
|
Definition
Chylomicron - transport dietary TAG
VLDL - transport endogenous TAG
IDL - from VLDL degredation
LDL - delivers cholesterol to periphery
HDL - removes used cholesterol from tissue and donates apoproteins to CM & VLDL |
|
|
Term
| Where are chylomicrons synthesised? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chylomicrons enter circulation carrying ________ & ____________ |
|
Definition
| Apoprotien B48 & a large TAG cargo |
|
|
Term
| Chylomicrons recieve __________ & ___ from HDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chylomicrons travel around the circulatory system until association with __________ (an enzyme bound the endothelial surfaces) and the association is mediated by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ Hydrolyses ___ to liberate free _____ ______ which diffuse into local tissues |
|
Definition
Lipoprotein lipase
TAG
Fatty Acids |
|
|
Term
| As TAG is lost, chylomicrons ______ to form __________ _______ |
|
Definition
Shrink
Chylomicron reminants |
|
|
Term
| Released fatty acids _________ into ____ for fat storage or beta oxidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chylomicron reminants dissociate from _______ _______ and returns ___ to HDL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chylomicron reminants are finally taken up by the ______ through ______ ________ __________ |
|
Definition
Liver
receptor mediated endocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Liver cells recognise ____ & _____ apoproteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is VLDL synthesised |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VLDL contain mostly __________ but also __________ and __________ ___ |
|
Definition
TAG
Choleserol and cholesterol ester |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transoport endogeneously produced TAG to extra hepatic tissues |
|
|
Term
| VLDL is synthesised in the _______ with apoprotien ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VLDL recieves apoprotein ____ & __ from ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Like chylomicrons, VLDL travel around the circulatory system until association with __________ ______ (an enzyme bound to the epithelial surface) Association is mediated by apoprotein ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ ______ hydrolyses ____ to liberate free _____ _____ which diffuse into local tissues |
|
Definition
Lipoprotein lipase
TAG
fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| As ___ is lost, VLDL ____ to form ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LDL reutrns ___ & ___ to HDL. LDL is taken up by ______ ________ ______. |
|
Definition
Cii & E
Extra hepatic tissue |
|
|
Term
| LDL has lost most of its ___ so are rich in ________ & ________ ______ |
|
Definition
TAG
Cholsterol & Cholestreol ester |
|
|
Term
| LDL represent the route of _________ transport from ______ to tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LDL membrane receptor location |
|
Definition
| Found in clathrin coated pits |
|
|
Term
| After LDL endocytosis what happens to the receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does cholesterol uptake regulate? |
|
Definition
| The cells own production of cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| What can mutations in LDL receptors (found in clathrin coated pits) lead to? |
|
Definition
| Increased plasma LDL levels which accelerates the atherosclerotic process |
|
|
Term
Role of LDL in Atherosclerosis:
Damage occurs to _______ of vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common causes of endothelium damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ penerate the vascular wall and with time are _________ by _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxidised LDL attract _________ which ingest ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ become overloaded with lipid and become _____ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Foam cells die and release pools of ____ into the cell walls which are known as _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ mediated process cause ______ muscle cells to form a ____ over the lipid. The cap grows and constricts the vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ degrade the cap while _ cells inhibit ______ synthesis |
|
Definition
Macrophages
T cells
collagen |
|
|
Term
| The cap _____ and exposes collagen and lipid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leads to platelet ______ and ______ _______ formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery blocked leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebral artery blocked leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ protect LDL from oxidation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HDL act as _________ resevoir |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HDL play a vital role in what? |
|
Definition
| Scavenging used cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| HDL carries _____ _____ back to the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HDL is taken up by the ______ and is ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol is excreted as _____ ______ or repackaged into ____` |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol synthesis in liver is regulated through what? |
|
Definition
| Cholesterol arriving through HDL |
|
|
Term
| Excess cholesterol in liver is converted into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bile salts are stored in the _____ ______ along with free __________ and phospholipids ready to be excreted into the ________ |
|
Definition
Gall bladder
cholesterol
intestine |
|
|
Term
| Almost all of bile salts and cholesterol are ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Source of sitostanol ester |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Similar structure to cholesterol and stops cholesterol from enterin micellular phase (found in benecol margarines) |
|
|
