Term
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Definition
1. Oxidised for energy requirement
2. Building blocks for phospho/glyco -lipids
3. Protein mofification
4. Hormones & intracellular messengers |
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Term
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Definition
| Stored as triacylglycerol in adipocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Triacylglyceride structure |
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Definition
| Glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids |
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Term
| Pancreatic lipase function |
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Definition
| Removes fatty acid from TAG one at a time |
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Term
| Action of pancreatic lipase |
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Definition
| Triacylglycerol --> Diacyglycerol --> Monoacylglycerol |
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Term
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Definition
1. Groups of fatty acids wtih non-polar cores surrounded by bile salts
2. Are acted on by pancreatic lipase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transfer of TAG from lumen of intestines |
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Definition
1. Pacreatic lipase breaks TAGs into fatty acids and Monoacylglycerols.
2. Transported across gut wall into mucosal cell
3. Reform as TAGs
4. Join with other lipids and proteins to make chylomicrons |
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Term
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Definition
| A droplet of fat in lymph/blood after absorbtion from small intestine |
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Term
| Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) funtion |
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Definition
| Hydrolyses TAG to fatty acids and glycerol completely (all fatty acids are removed) |
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Term
| Hormone Sensitive Lipase Location |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone Sensitive Lipase Regulation |
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Definition
| By GLUCAGON and ADRENALINE |
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Term
| Lipase activation in adipocytes(part 1)(3) |
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Definition
1. Hormone binds to 7TM receptor
2. ATP is converted to cAMP
3. cAMP activates Protein Kinase A |
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Term
| Lipase actgivation in adipocytes (part 2) (2) |
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Definition
1. Protein kinase A activates HSL and perilipin
2. Perilipin activates Adiposetriacylglycerol lipase |
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Term
| Three Lipases which breakdown TAGs |
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Definition
1. Hormone sensitive lipase
2. Adiposetriacyglyceride lipase
3. Monoacylglycerol lipase |
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Term
| Glycerol general metabolism |
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Definition
| Metabolised by glycolosis |
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Term
| Glycerol metabolism stage 1 |
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Definition
Glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate
ATP to ADP
using Glycerol Kinase |
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Term
| Glycerol metabolism stage 2 |
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Definition
Glycerol 3-phosphate to Dihydroxyacetone
Losing 2H to NAD+ |
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Term
| Glycerol metabolism stage 3 |
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Definition
| Dihydroxyacetone to Glyceraldehyde 3-Phoshate (reversible) |
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Term
| How does glycerol eventually enter glycolysis? |
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Definition
| Through Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde 3-phospate (intermediates in glycolysis) |
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Term
| Metabolic fate of glycerol |
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Definition
| Glycolysis or gluconeogenesis in liver cells |
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Term
| Metabolic fate of fatty acids |
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Definition
| Fatty acid beta oxidation to acetyl CoA |
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Term
| Stages of FA oxidation (3) |
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Definition
1. Activation
2. Transportation
3. Beta Oxidation |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acids are activated by adding CoA using ATP |
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Term
|
Definition
Fatty acid + HS-CoA --> Acyl CoA
ATP --> AMP + PPi |
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Term
|
Definition
| Acyl CoA is combined with carnitine to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane |
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Term
| FA Transportation process Part 1 (cytoplasmic side) |
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Definition
| Acyl CoA + Carnitine --> Acyl Carnitine + CoA |
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Term
| FA Transportation process Part 1 Enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
| FA Transportation enzyme (mechanism) |
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Definition
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Term
| FA Transportation process Part 2 |
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Definition
| Acyl Carnitine + CoA --> Acyl CoA + Carnitine |
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Term
| FA Tranposportation process Part 2 Enzyme |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Oxidation (1st)
Using FADH
Creates C=C bond |
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Term
|
Definition
Hydration
Using H2O
C=C Bond Hydrated |
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Term
|
Definition
Oxidation (2nd)
using NADH
Removes OH and H
Produces two C=O separated by CH2 |
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Term
|
Definition
Thyolysis
Using HS-CoA
Produces: Acyl CoA (2C shorter)
Acetyl CoA |
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Term
|
Definition
| The splitting of a molecule by sulfur attack |
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Term
| Most of dietary unsaturated fatty acids are... |
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Definition
| Cis and needs converting to trans |
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Term
| Odd numbered C=C fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Even numbered C=C fatty acids |
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Definition
| Require isomerase AND reductase |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes the position and orientation (cis/trans) of a C=C bond |
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Term
| One Palmitate molecule (16C) produces how many ATP molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| An alternative fuel source during fasting or diabetes (when blood glucose low) |
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Term
| Keytone body formation location |
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Definition
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Term
| Keytone body formation Stage 1 |
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Definition
Acetyl CoA + Acetly CoA --> Acetoacetyl CoA
(One CoA is given off) |
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Term
| Keytone Body formation Stage 2 |
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Definition
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA --> 3-Hydroxy 3-Methyl Glutaryl CoA
(One CoA is given off) |
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Term
| Keytone Body Formation Stage 3 |
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Definition
3-Hydroxy 3-Methyls Glutaryl CoA--> Acetoacetate
(One Acetyl CoA given off) |
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Term
| Keytone Body Formation Stage 4 |
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Definition
| Acetoacetate--> 3-Hydroxy butarate (Using NADH) + Acetone |
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Term
|
Definition
Acetoacetate
3-Hydroxy butarate
Acetone |
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Term
| How are keytone bodies used as an energy source? |
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Definition
| They are converted back to Acetyl CoA |
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Term
|
Definition
Keytone bodies form
Keytone bodies are acidic
Blood pH drops
Can lead to coma and death |
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Term
| Inborn errors of FA metabolism |
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Definition
| Acyl Dehydrogenase Deficiency. This enzyme is needed for Beta Oxidation and is a serious disorder. |
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