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LUDI Catabolism of Fatty Acids
Based on the catabolismof fatty acids lecture
52
Dentistry
Undergraduate 2
04/05/2014

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Cards

Term
Fatty acid functions (4)
Definition
1. Oxidised for energy requirement
2. Building blocks for phospho/glyco -lipids
3. Protein mofification
4. Hormones & intracellular messengers
Term
Fatty acid storage
Definition
Stored as triacylglycerol in adipocytes
Term
Adipocyte location
Definition
Found in adipose tissue
Term
Triacylglyceride structure
Definition
Glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids
Term
Pancreatic lipase function
Definition
Removes fatty acid from TAG one at a time
Term
Action of pancreatic lipase
Definition
Triacylglycerol --> Diacyglycerol --> Monoacylglycerol
Term
Micelles (2)
Definition
1. Groups of fatty acids wtih non-polar cores surrounded by bile salts
2. Are acted on by pancreatic lipase
Term
Bile salts
Definition
Emulsify dietary TAGs
Term
Transfer of TAG from lumen of intestines
Definition
1. Pacreatic lipase breaks TAGs into fatty acids and Monoacylglycerols.
2. Transported across gut wall into mucosal cell
3. Reform as TAGs
4. Join with other lipids and proteins to make chylomicrons
Term
Chylomicron
Definition
A droplet of fat in lymph/blood after absorbtion from small intestine
Term
Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) funtion
Definition
Hydrolyses TAG to fatty acids and glycerol completely (all fatty acids are removed)
Term
Hormone Sensitive Lipase Location
Definition
In adipocytes
Term
Hormone Sensitive Lipase Regulation
Definition
By GLUCAGON and ADRENALINE
Term
Lipase activation in adipocytes(part 1)(3)
Definition
1. Hormone binds to 7TM receptor
2. ATP is converted to cAMP
3. cAMP activates Protein Kinase A
Term
Lipase actgivation in adipocytes (part 2) (2)
Definition
1. Protein kinase A activates HSL and perilipin
2. Perilipin activates Adiposetriacylglycerol lipase
Term
Three Lipases which breakdown TAGs
Definition
1. Hormone sensitive lipase
2. Adiposetriacyglyceride lipase
3. Monoacylglycerol lipase
Term
Glycerol general metabolism
Definition
Metabolised by glycolosis
Term
Glycerol metabolism stage 1
Definition
Glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate
ATP to ADP
using Glycerol Kinase
Term
Glycerol metabolism stage 2
Definition
Glycerol 3-phosphate to Dihydroxyacetone
Losing 2H to NAD+
Term
Glycerol metabolism stage 3
Definition
Dihydroxyacetone to Glyceraldehyde 3-Phoshate (reversible)
Term
How does glycerol eventually enter glycolysis?
Definition
Through Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde 3-phospate (intermediates in glycolysis)
Term
Metabolic fate of glycerol
Definition
Glycolysis or gluconeogenesis in liver cells
Term
Metabolic fate of fatty acids
Definition
Fatty acid beta oxidation to acetyl CoA
Term
Stages of FA oxidation (3)
Definition
1. Activation
2. Transportation
3. Beta Oxidation
Term
FA activation
Definition
Fatty acids are activated by adding CoA using ATP
Term
FA activation process
Definition
Fatty acid + HS-CoA --> Acyl CoA
ATP --> AMP + PPi
Term
FA Transportation
Definition
Acyl CoA is combined with carnitine to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane
Term
FA Transportation process Part 1 (cytoplasmic side)
Definition
Acyl CoA + Carnitine --> Acyl Carnitine + CoA
Term
FA Transportation process Part 1 Enzyme
Definition
Carnitine Transferase I
Term
FA Transportation enzyme (mechanism)
Definition
Translocase Protein
Term
FA Transportation process Part 2
Definition
Acyl Carnitine + CoA --> Acyl CoA + Carnitine
Term
FA Tranposportation process Part 2 Enzyme
Definition
Carnitine Transferase II
Term
Beta Oxidation Stage 1
Definition
Oxidation (1st)
Using FADH
Creates C=C bond
Term
Beta Oxidation Stage 2
Definition
Hydration
Using H2O
C=C Bond Hydrated
Term
Beta Oxidation Stage 3
Definition
Oxidation (2nd)
using NADH
Removes OH and H
Produces two C=O separated by CH2
Term
Beta Oxidation Stage 4
Definition
Thyolysis
Using HS-CoA
Produces: Acyl CoA (2C shorter)
Acetyl CoA
Term
Thiolysis
Definition
The splitting of a molecule by sulfur attack
Term
Most of dietary unsaturated fatty acids are...
Definition
Cis and needs converting to trans
Term
Odd numbered C=C fatty acids
Definition
Require isomerase
Term
Even numbered C=C fatty acids
Definition
Require isomerase AND reductase
Term
Isomerase
Definition
Changes the position and orientation (cis/trans) of a C=C bond
Term
One Palmitate molecule (16C) produces how many ATP molecules?
Definition
106
Term
Keytone Bodies
Definition
An alternative fuel source during fasting or diabetes (when blood glucose low)
Term
Keytone body formation location
Definition
Liver
Term
Keytone body formation Stage 1
Definition
Acetyl CoA + Acetly CoA --> Acetoacetyl CoA
(One CoA is given off)
Term
Keytone Body formation Stage 2
Definition
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA --> 3-Hydroxy 3-Methyl Glutaryl CoA
(One CoA is given off)
Term
Keytone Body Formation Stage 3
Definition
3-Hydroxy 3-Methyls Glutaryl CoA--> Acetoacetate
(One Acetyl CoA given off)
Term
Keytone Body Formation Stage 4
Definition
Acetoacetate--> 3-Hydroxy butarate (Using NADH) + Acetone
Term
Keytone Bodies Molecules
Definition
Acetoacetate
3-Hydroxy butarate
Acetone
Term
How are keytone bodies used as an energy source?
Definition
They are converted back to Acetyl CoA
Term
Diabetic Ketosis
Definition
Keytone bodies form
Keytone bodies are acidic
Blood pH drops
Can lead to coma and death
Term
Inborn errors of FA metabolism
Definition
Acyl Dehydrogenase Deficiency. This enzyme is needed for Beta Oxidation and is a serious disorder.
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