Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do the large quantities of hydroxyl groups on carbohydrates allow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do carbohydrates contain at least one of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three carbohydrate classifications? (saccharides) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A carbohydrate with 2-10 monomers |
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Term
| How are monosaccharides classified? |
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Definition
| By the number of carbon atoms |
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Term
| Three dietary sources of carbohydrates |
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Definition
Plant storage polysaccharide
Sucrose (western diets)
Glycogen (from animal muscle) |
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Term
| What joins disaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up Lactose? |
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Definition
| Galactose beta(1-4) Glucose |
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up Sucrose |
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Definition
| Glucose alpha(1-2) Fructose |
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up Maltose |
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Definition
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Term
| Uses of mono/disaccharides (4) |
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Definition
1. Energy - Glycolysis-TCA cycle-electron transport chain
2. Glycosylation of protein
3. Structural components
4. Carbon skeletons used for biosynthesis of amino acids |
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Term
| Bond joins monosaccharides to make a polysaccharide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the predominant monosaccharide in polysaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is glycogen the major form of? |
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Definition
| Stored carbohydrate in animals |
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Term
| What specific bonds are found in glycogen? |
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Definition
Alpha-(1,4) linkage for straight chains
Alpha-(1,6) linkage for branches |
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Term
| How often to branches occur in glycogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is starch the major form of? |
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Definition
| Stored carbohydrate in plant cells |
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Term
| How does the structure of starch differ to glycogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often does starch branching occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of unbranched starch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of branched starch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the monosaccharide in cellulose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bond between glucose in cellulose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is cellulose not digested by humans? |
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Definition
| No enzyme to break Beta-(1,4) Linkage |
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Term
| What is cellulose the principle component of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two important glycosaminoglycans |
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Definition
Hyaluronate
Dermatan Sulfate |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cell surface antigens
2. Mucins- provide lubrication
3. Cell receptors- allow communication between cells |
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Term
| What percentage of the total energy requirement should come from carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of carbs should be extrinsic sugars? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of carbs should be intrinsic and milk sugars? |
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Definition
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