Term
Types of Long Term Memory |
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Definition
Declarative (Explicit) -facts and events. events that one is able to "declare" or actively bring into consciousness, what is learned Non-Declarative(Implicit) -skills and habits. priming. information that does not need us to consciously recall it, or we may not consciously know we are recalling it. riding a bike. |
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Term
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Definition
The brain's ability to change as a result of an experience. The whole brain is involved in learning and memory is capable of plasticity. Different areas of the brain contribute to Learning and memory, some areas are for one thing (words, pictures) while another area is for another.
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Term
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Definition
Information expressed WITH conscious recollection - moms birthday, how to spell a word task based - free recall, recognition goal-directed -refer to past events episodic -originated in one's own life, time stamp, connection between one's memory and the source and how true they believe it to be. (my dog Bow) semantic -general info, source not really known, time stamp, cultural consensous (know it cause of where you live |
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Term
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Definition
Information expressed WITHOUT conscious recollection Knowing how - Procedural skills (baking, showering), motor skills, habits, reflexes No single goal -no reference to the past First comes to mind Difficult to express Task based -stem completion, priming
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Term
Memory types and where they are associated in the brain |
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Definition
declarative - medial temporal lobe nondeclarative - priming= neocortex - skills and habits= striatum
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Term
What are the two types of Amnesia? |
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Definition
Retrograde -can't remember events before brain damage, so its a failure to recall old memories
Anterograde -can't remember events after brain damage, so its a failure to make new memories
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Term
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Definition
can identify people and events from different decades memories retrieved form specific cue words older memories survive better than recent, inversesly related to age PZ- scientist who developed RA, affected life facts and scientific data
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Term
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Definition
no trouble with: -identifying people -events from different decades or momories from before the onset of the amnesia
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Term
Who was H.M. and why is he significant? |
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Definition
As a boy he suffered from epilectic siezures and had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy that took care of the siezures but resulted in memory loss. He could no longer form new memories- aterograde amnesia He lost bi-lateral hippocampi plus surrounding tissue resulting in no loss of intelligence, personality, or normal STM or attentional functions |
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Term
What memory systems are affected by amnesia? |
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Definition
Working memory- Not affected. H.M. could remember a number for 15 min but lost it after 1 min of not attending to it non-declarative memory- not affected. can still learn new skills, just no recollection of first learning it. episodic memory- very much affected. events, recall, recognition all impaired. semantic memory- slightly impaired. most semantic memory is learned early in life, of which most amnesia patients can remember.
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Term
What is consolidation theory? |
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Definition
- the process of the brain that converts moment-to-moment occurances into permanent structural changes. allow the momories to exist independently of the MTL - based off of H.M. who could remember events from early childhood but not from the years immediately preceding the surgery. - old memories are not stored in the MTL - disruption or trauma hinders - enhancement (sleep, drugs) aids in process
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Term
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Definition
That consolidation is temporally gradient. in general older memories are easier to retrieve, and amnesia patients can recall, more often than not, older memories, meaning that consolidation takes time and is temporally grounded (older memories consolidated before newer ones).
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Term
What is Perceptual Priming? |
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Definition
- Reflects perceptual learning - Priming occurs when there is a presented stimulus proceded by another. the overlap is priming - MTL amnesia does not affect priming
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Term
What is repetition suppression? |
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Definition
- Repeated exposure to stimulus will decrease the affect of the stimulus over time, lowers the firing of neurons.
- Observed in rats and primates.
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Term
What is Conceptual priming? |
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Definition
- When stimuli are recognized faster due to similar conceptual ideas. Bread - butter vs. Bread - chair vs. Bread - rencle - Uses the idea of similar words
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Term
What are the three stages of Skill acquisition? |
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Definition
- cognitive stage- actively trying to learn - association stage- with practice error rate goes down. verbal mediation- talking yourself down. - autonomous stage- highly accruate and automatic. cognitive conrtol usual hampers
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Term
What are the attributes of forgetting? |
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Definition
- memory does not decay - forgetting is caused more by not being able to access information - also known a retrieval failure - ability to recall information drops within the first year to about 80% but stays relatively constant after that for years.
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Term
What is interference theory? |
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Definition
- When new information is forgotten becuase of interference by information that nas already been learned. - two mechanisms - response competition- multiple answers to one stimulus - unlearning- new things learned casue you to lose what was already learned - Two types of interference - proactive - retroactive
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Term
What is Retroactive interfernece? |
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Definition
- when learning of information that comes after the tested information interferes with what was learned previously. psyc- biology- interval- psyc test the biology interferes with the psyc recalling for the test
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Term
What is Procative Interference? |
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Definition
- When what is learned before the tested info interferes with recalling the desired information. biology- psyc- interval -psyc test - more interference the longer the interval
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Term
What is a shallow level of processing? |
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Definition
- contains surface or perceptual features - ex. is the word printed in capital letters
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Term
What is moderate processing? |
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Definition
- processed, meaningful interpretation - more personal connections
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Term
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Definition
- allows for better encoding producing longer lasting and more elaborate memories - best for recall - semantic
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Term
What is state dependant learning? |
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Definition
- matching the state of when information was learned to that of when it is being tested.
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