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Definition
| Scientific study of human populations |
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| Examine sizes, composition, distribution, and the changes and cause of the three |
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| A group of people who share a geographic territory |
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| The global population has grown rapidly since the |
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| The number of babies born during a specific period in a society |
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| How are birth mortality rates measured? What is it called? |
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Definition
| By the number of live births per 1000 people in a population in a given year. Crude Birth rate |
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| Number of deaths during specified period in a population |
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| How are death mortality rates measured? What is it called? |
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Definition
| By the number of deaths per 1000 people in a population in a given year. Crude death rate. |
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| In 2009, the crude death rate worldwide, as well as in the US was? |
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Definition
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| How do they measure the death of infants? What is it called? |
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Definition
| By the number of deaths amount infants under 1 year of are per 1000 live births |
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Term
| What is the definition of migration? |
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Definition
| Movement of people into or out of a specific geographic area |
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| What is the push factor? What is an example of it? |
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Definition
encourages or force people to leave a residence.
Ex: War, religion persecution, or unemployment |
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| What is the pull factor? What is an example? |
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Definition
Attract people to a new location
Ex: employment opportunities, religious freedom, and low crime rates |
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| What is international migration? |
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Definition
| the movement across a nations border |
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Definition
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| Definition of Immigrants? |
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Definition
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Term
Whats the definition of sex ratio?
100=
95=
105= |
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Definition
the proportion of males to females in a group
equal number
fewer males
fewer females |
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Term
| What is the population pyramids? |
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Definition
| A visual representation of the age and sex structure of a population |
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Term
What does the population pyramid help demographer do?
ex? |
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Definition
predict the future needs of a population
aging population will need more health care |
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Term
| Who created the Malthusian theory? When? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Malthusian theory? |
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Definition
| The belief that the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it |
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Term
| Population grows at a ____ rate while food grows at a ____ rate |
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Definition
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| What do the Neo-Malthisians believe? |
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Definition
| That the world population is exploding beyond the food supplies. Earth has become a dying planet with population and pollution |
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Term
| What is the Demographic Transition Theory? |
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Definition
| Maintains that population growth is kept in check and stabilizes as countries experience economic development |
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Term
| The Demographic Transition Theory also states that population growth changes as societies undergo? |
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Definition
| Industrialization, modernization, technological advancements, and urbanization |
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Term
| What is stage one of the Demographic Transition? |
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Definition
| Preindustrial societies with high birth rates and high death rates |
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Term
| What is stage two of the Demographic Transition? |
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Definition
| Early industrialization with significant population growth because of high birth rates but lower death rates |
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Term
| What is stage three of the Demographic Transition? |
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Definition
| Advanced industrialization with lower birth rates and death rates and a lower population growth rate |
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Term
| What is stage four of the Demographic Transition? |
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Definition
| Postindustrial societies with lower birth and death rates and population growth stability or decrease |
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| What is zero population growth? |
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Definition
| when each woman has no more than two children resulting in a stable population |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of people from rural areas to the city, usually for better living conditions and jobs |
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Term
| What created a surge in urbanization? |
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Definition
| The industrial Revolution |
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Term
| Metropolitan areas with at least 10 million inhabitants, are becoming more common |
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Definition
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| Movement from cities to the areas surrounding them. Percent of Americans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Business centers that are within or close to suburban residential areas |
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Definition
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| Area of new devilment beyond suburbs on the fringe of urbanized areas |
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Definition
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Definition
| the rapid, unplanned and uncontrolled spread of urban development into neighboring regions |
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Definition
| she companies move jobs from metropolitan areas to the suburbs |
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Term
| Urban and job sprawls are a consequence of? |
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Definition
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| What is the process of buying and renovating houses and stores by middle-class and affluent people in a downtown urban neighborhood? |
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Definition
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| What is the concentric zone? |
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Definition
| city grows outward in a series of rings |
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Term
| What is the sector theory? |
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Definition
| pie-shared wedges radiate from central business district |
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Term
| What is the multi-neclei? |
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Definition
| city contains multiple centers |
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Term
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Definition
| suburbs and edge cities develop through highway development |
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Term
| Conflict theorist control the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are symbolic interactionists? |
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Definition
| interested in the impact of urban life on its residents |
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Term
| Conflict theorist think that |
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Definition
| urban space is a commodity to be bought and sold |
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Term
| What is behavior that violates expected rules or norms? Has a negative connotation in society |
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Definition
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Term
| Deviance can be a ___, _____, _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Deviance is accompanied by a social stigma, which means |
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Definition
| A negative label that devalues a person and changed their self-concept and identity |
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Term
| What is the discredited stigma? ex |
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Definition
individuals who can't hide their deviancy or told someone
overweight |
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Term
| What is the discreditable stigma? ex |
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Definition
deviant individuals who are able to hide it and have not told anyone
ex: drug users |
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Term
| Violation of societal norms and rules written into public laws that is subject to punishment |
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Definition
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| A persons status is determined in a _____ |
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Definition
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| There are more arrest for _____ crime than ______ crime |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the National Crime Victimization Survey? What does it include? |
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Definition
Based on interviewing people about their experiences
unreported crimes |
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Term
| What are crimes that are least likely to be reported? Ex? |
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Definition
Victimless crimes
illegal drug use, drunkenness, gambling |
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Term
| techniques and strategies that regulate behavior |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of social control, can be positive or negative |
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| The condition in which people are unsure of how to behave because of absent, conflicting, or confusing social norms |
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Definition
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| What it the Strain Theory |
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Definition
| people engage in deviance when their is a strain or conflict between goal and means |
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| What is conformity? is it deviant? |
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Definition
| accept goals and mean; working harder; no |
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Term
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Definition
| Accept goals but reject means; cheating on an exam |
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Term
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Definition
| reject goals but accept means; continuing to go to class after giving up on a career |
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Term
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Definition
| reject goals and mean; becoming an alcoholic |
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Definition
| replace goals and means; opposing the government |
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Term
| Who created the Deviance typology and strain theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Illegal activités committed by high status people |
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Definition
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Term
| Illegal activities committed by individual of their own interest; using a company credit card |
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Definition
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| Illegal acts committed by executives to benefit themselves or their companies; price-fixing |
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Definition
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| Illegal activities conducted online |
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Definition
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| actives of individual and groups that supply illegal goods for profit |
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Definition
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| What us the differential association theory? |
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Definition
| suggest that people learn deviance through interaction. |
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Term
| What is the labeling theory? |
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Definition
| deviance depends on how others react |
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Term
| What is social stratification? |
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Definition
| ranking of people who have different access to valued resources |
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Term
| Movement with social position is limited due to ascribed statues in a _______. what are some ex? |
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Definition
| closed stratification; sex, skin color |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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| Open stratification is based on achieved status who have |
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Definition
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Term
Open system = social class
closed system = slavery |
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Definition
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Term
| Money and economic assists? |
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Definition
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Term
| respect, recognition, or regard; based on wealth, fame |
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Definition
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Term
| the ability of individuals to achieve goals, control events, and influence others |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of upper-upper class? |
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Definition
Enormous wealth, inherited, political power
million-billions |
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| Characteristics of lower-upper class? |
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Definition
Investors, executives,
millions |
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Term
| Characteristics of upper middle class? |
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Definition
professionals, med size owners, lived on earn income
76k + |
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Term
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Definition
semiprofessionals, foremen, craftsmen, comfortable lifestyle
46k-76k |
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Term
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Definition
clerical, retail sale, high school edu
19k-46k |
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Term
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Definition
low pain manual, retail workers, 27 weeks a year
9k-18k |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities |
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Definition
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Term
| not having enough mount to maintain an average standard of living |
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Definition
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Term
| Moving from one potion to another at the same level |
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Definition
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Term
| moving up or down the stratification ladder |
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Definition
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Term
What is sex?
What is gender? |
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Definition
biological characteristic - hormones
Learned attributes and behaviors that characterize people
based on social expectations |
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Term
| a perception of self as either male or female |
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics, attitudes, feelins, and behaviors that society expect of females and male |
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Definition
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Term
| expectations about how people will look, act, think, and feel based on their sex |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats an example of gender roles? |
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Definition
| women being nurturing and boys being tough |
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Term
| What is the stereotypes of a gender called? whats an example |
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Definition
sexual scripts
girls = pink, Boys = blue |
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Term
| discrimination against sex |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gender decay gap? Reasons for it? |
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Definition
different income between sexes
women choose low earning fields, men are promoted more, mothers adjust to having children |
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Term
| Born with one sex but choose to live their life as another sex |
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Definition
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Term
| medical classification at birth is not clearly male or female |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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People attracted to the same sex
People attracted to the opposite sex
People attracted to both sexes
Lack interest in sex |
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Definition
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Term
| C Right Mills is associated with the |
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Definition
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Term
| Edwin Sutherland created the |
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Definition
| Differential Association theory |
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Term
| The Differential Association theory states |
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Definition
| through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. |
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