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| Must be true conclusion based on given information |
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"If...then"
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions |
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| Conditional Reasoning Features |
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Definition
1. Sufficient does not cause the Necessary
2. There is not time requirement for either
3. Conditional relationship does not have to be realistic |
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-"If..."
-requires a Necessary Condition |
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-"then"
-does NOT require a Sufficient Condition |
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| Repeated Form (valid/invalid?) |
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-Reverse and Negated together
-Valid Inference |
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| Switches elements in the Sufficient and Necessary Conditions |
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Definition
-Invalid Inference
-Mistaken Reversal |
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| Negates both conditions but does not switch them |
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-Invalid Inference
-Mistaken Negation |
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Term
"Unless X, Y"
Example: "Unless a person studies, she will not receive an A" |
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Definition
-Term modified by "unless" (except, until, without) becomes necessary condition and remaining term is negated and the sufficient condition
-Sufficient: A
-Necessary: Study |
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| At least one of the two and possibly both |
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"If and only if"
(in terms of A and B) |
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Definition
| A and B OR neither A nor B |
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