Term
| What is the term used to describe small purple-ish spots under the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe larger areas of discoloration from hemorrhage under the skin |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe hemorrhage into the skin, mucous membranes, or organs |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the injection of dye into the lymphatic vessels of the hand or foot |
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Definition
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Term
| What is performed during a lymphangiography to determine lymph flow or blockages & lymph node involvement |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe needle aspiration or surgical incision to see if an enlarged lymph node is caused by infection or malignancy |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the removal of bone marrow with a needle to be viewed under a microscope |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a bone marrow biopsy used for |
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Definition
| To diagnose hematologic disorders, monitor tx, isolate bacteria/pathogens by culture, & discover tumors and infections diseases |
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Term
| Which disorder is categorized by a deficiency of RBCs, hemoglobin, or both in circulating blood |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world where pt has a smaller than normal level of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of anemia is categorized by larger than normal RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a chronic disease that requires B12 injections for life |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a condition in which the bone marrow becomes fatty & incapable of producing necessary numbers of RBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an inherited anemia where RBCs have a specific mutation that makes hemoglobin very sensitive to 02 changes |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe the disorder that occurs when blood becomes thick with an overabundance of RBCs which causes the blood to not be able to circulate easily |
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Definition
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Term
| What results from an over-production of RBCs, WBCs, & platelets |
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Definition
| Primary polycythemia Vera |
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Term
| What occurs as a result of long-term hypoxia where the body makes more RBCs in response to low O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe catastrophic accelerated clotting throughout peripheral BVs where clotting factors are used up & clots can no longer be formed |
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Definition
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Term
| What results from an increased platelet destruction by the immune system which increases the risk for bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| Is secondary polycythemia an actual disorder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Immune system dysfunction |
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Term
| What is known as a group of hereditary disorders resulting from a severe lack of specific clotting factors |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of hemophilia is lacking factor VII |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of hemophilia is lacking factor IX |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a malignant disease of WBCs where immature WBCs are produced explosively in bone marrow, lymph tissue, & spleen |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cancer in children & what age group does it affect |
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Definition
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Children under 15 |
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Term
| What is a deadly cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow that causes bony destruction & pathological fractures |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe an enlarged spleen |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used when describing the removal of the spleen |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 nutritional deficits that commonly cause anemia |
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Definition
| Iron, folic acid, & vitamin B12 |
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Term
| What are food sources for folic acid |
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Definition
| Liver, green leafy vegetables, legumes, & enriched grain products |
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Term
| What are food sources for iron |
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Definition
| Lean red meat, dried fruits, dark green leafy vegetables, & enriched, fortified, or whole grain products |
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Term
| What are some common lab tests that are done for pts with anemia |
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Definition
| CBC, serum folate, serum iron, hemoglobin & hematocrit, bone marrow biopsy & analysis, & total iron-binding capacity measurements |
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Term
| What are some S/S of anemia |
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Definition
| Pallor, irritability, SOB, fatigue, tachycardia & tachypnea |
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Term
| What are some S/S of pernicious anemia |
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Definition
| Weakness, soreness, beefy red tongue, & numbness of hands & feet |
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Term
| What are some S/S of iron deficiency anemia |
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Definition
| Fissures @ corner of mouth, inflamed tongue, & spoon shaped fingernails |
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Term
| What must be present in order for a pt to develop sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
| Both parents must carry gene |
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Term
| What occurs to the cells of a pt who has sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
| They mutate into a crescent shape, become very rigid, crack/break easily, & get tangled in BVs |
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Term
| What results from cells getting tangled in the BVs of a pt with sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
| Congestion, clumping, & clotting |
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Term
| What occurs when the sickling process is not reversed |
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Definition
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Term
| How long do sickle cells normally live |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some S/S of sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
| Sickling occurs. Blood becomes sluggish & collects in vessels of the organs of the chest, abdomen, joints, & bones. |
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Term
| What are some ways to prevent a sickle cell crisis |
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Definition
| Avoid restrictive clothing, strenuous exercise, ETOH, & any sport that can cause hypoxia. Encourage fluids, vaccines, & genetic counseling |
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Term
| What kind of medication should you avoid giving to a pt with sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| In which type of disorder would be sure you raise the gatch on the bed in order to prevent restricting circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you be sure to assess in a pt with sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
| Circulation in extremities, pulse oximetry, capillary refill, peripheral pulses, temperature, & frequent pain |
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Term
| How often should you assess the circulation in the extremities of a pt with sickle cell anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| What can repeated sickle cell crisis lead to |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes pain during a sickle cell crisis |
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Definition
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Term
| What should nurse do if pt with aplastic anemia has a low platelet count |
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Definition
| Put pt on bleeding precautions |
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Term
| What should nurse do if pt with a plastic anemia has a low WBC count |
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Definition
| Put pt in isolation to protect from infection |
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Term
| What are things to assess in an anemic pt to show that condition is improving |
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Definition
| Pt remains free of injury, pts oral mucous membrane is intact, pt is able to tolerate activity without SOB or excessive fatigue, & pt is able to explain correct tx/therapeutic measures |
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Term
| What is the most common S/S of a pt with multiple myeloma |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal bleeding, Petechia, Ecchymoses, N/V, dyspnea, coma, shock, major organ system failure, enlargement of joints & severe muscle, back, & abdominal pain |
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Term
| What are some common sites for bone marrow biopsy removal |
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Definition
| Sternum, spiny process of vertebrae, & anterior or posterior iliac crest |
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Term
| What are some post-op nursing actions r/t a bone marrow biopsy |
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Definition
| Observe pain, aspirate site for bleeding & infection, & provide emotional support |
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Term
| What does increased BP & HR indicate in a pt after a bone marrow biopsy |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 products that are used to treat clotting disorders |
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Definition
| Fresh frozen plasma & cryoprecipitate |
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Term
| How long must LPN stay with pt during blood administration |
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Definition
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Term
| How often should LPN monitor VS of pt receiving blood administration |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to flush line during blood administration |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some complications that could occur with blood administration |
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Definition
| Febrile reactions, hypersensitivities, hemolytic reactions, anaphylactic reactions, circulatory overload, & death |
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Term
| What would occur if incompatible blood were given during administration |
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Definition
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Term
| What would occur if blood is transfused rapidly in a short period of time |
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Definition
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Term
| What should nurse do if a pt starts experiencing SOB during blood transfusion |
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Definition
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Term
| How much blood is withdrawn & discarded every other day in a pt with polycythemia Vera |
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Definition
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Term
| What can be ordered for a pt with polycythemia Vera to reduce the risk of blood clots |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some S/S of hemophilia |
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Definition
| Bleeding results from injury & Hemarthrosis |
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Term
| What could repeated episodes of hemophilia cause |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bleeding into muscles & joints |
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Term
| What tx methods are used for severe hemophilia A |
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Definition
| Need to frequently replace clotting factors & blood products |
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Term
| What ix methods are used for mild Hemophilia A |
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Definition
| Injection or nasal inhalation of desmopression (ADH) |
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Term
| Why are pts with leukemia at risk for infection |
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Definition
| Immature WBCs are abnormal & able to fight infection |
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Term
| What should nurse monitor in pt with leukemia |
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Definition
| Risk of bleeding, infection, fatigue, & impaired oral mucous membrane |
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Term
| How should nurse educate pt following a splenectomy |
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Definition
| Pt is now more vulnerable to infection & pt may live a normal life but is encouraged to get pneumonia & flu vaccines each year |
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Term
| What age group is mostly affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma |
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Definition
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Term
| What age group is mostly affected by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lymphoma is more common |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lymphoma has the better prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lymphoma contains the Reed-Sternberg cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of lymphoma may include ETOH pain |
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Definition
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