Term
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Definition
surgical incision into the trachea to establish an airway, stoma that results from tracheotomy |
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Term
| What are the indications for a tracheostomy? |
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Definition
| bypass upper airway obstruction, facilitate removal of secretions, long-term mechanical ventilation, permit oral intake and speech in patient who requires long-term mechanical ventilation |
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Term
| What are the advantages of a tracheostomy? |
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Definition
| less risk of long-term damage to airway, increased comfort, patient can eat, increased mobility because tube is more secure |
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Term
| How do organisms that cause pneumonia reach the lungs? |
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Definition
| Aspiration from the nasopharynx or oropharynx; inhalation of microbes present in the air; hematogenous spread from a primary infection elsewhere in the body |
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Term
| What are the four characteristic stages of pneumonia? |
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Definition
| 1- Congestion, 2-Red hepatization: massive dilation of the capillaries, and alveoli are filled with organisms, neutrophils, RBCs, and fibrin; the lungs appear granular, similar to the liver which is why the process is called hepatization, 3- Gray hepatization: blood flow decreases and leukocytes and fibrin consolidate in the affected part of the lung; 4- resolution: complete resolution and healing occur if there are no complications |
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