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lower resp tract disorders
lower resp tract disorder
17
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/10/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acute Bronchitis
Definition
Inlammation of the Bronchial tree which inclused the right and left Bronchi, secondary bronchi and bronchioles.
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
wen the mucous membranes lining the bronchial tree become irritated and inflamed, excessive mucus is produced. the result is congested airways.
Term
Bronchiectasis
Definition
A dilation of the bronchial airways. The dilated areas form sacs that can remain localized or spread throughout the lungs. Secretions pool in these sacs and frequently become infected.
Term
Etiology of Bronchiectasis
Definition
Usually occurs secondary to another chronic Respiratory disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, tb, bronchitis, or exposure to a toxin
Term
Signs and symptoms of Bronchiectasis
Definition
  1. Recurrent lower respirtory infections.
  2. Sputum is copious and purulent and pools in dilated airways
  3. cough can produce as much as 200ml of thick, foul smelling sputum
  4. fever, wheezes and crackles and clubbing of the fingers may develop with chronic disease.
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
An acute infection of the lungs that occurs when an infectious agent enters and multiplies in the lungs of a susceptible person.
Term
Bacterial Pneumonia
Definition
Most common cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia is Strptococcus pneumoniae: also called pneumococcal pneumonia
Term
Viral Pneumonia
Definition
Influenza viruses are the most common cause of viral pneumonia
Term
Fungal Pneumonia
Definition
Candida and Aspergillus are 2 types of fungi that can cause pneumonia. Pneumocystis carinii is a fungus that typically causes pneumonia in patients with AIDS
Term
Aspiration Pneumonia
Definition
Some pneumonias are casued by aspiration of foreign substances.
Term

Signs and Symptoms

 

Definition

Fever, chills, c/p, dyspnea and a productive cough

Sputum is purulent, crackles and wheezes may be heard on lung auscultation because of the secretions in the avleoli and airways

Term
Tuberculosis
Definition
Infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Term
TB
Definition
TB primarily affect the lungs although other areas, such as the kidneys, liver, brain and bone may be affected as well. It is spread by inhalation of the tuberculosis bacilli from respiratory droplets.
Term
TB Sign and Symptoms
Definition
Active tuberculosis is characterized by a chronic productive cough, blood tinged sputum and drenching night sweats. low grade fever.
Term
Treatment for TB
Definition

Antibiotics

1st line drugs: Isoniazid, Rifampin,Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide.

2nd line Drugs: Rifabutin, Rifapentine

Term
Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
Definition
recall that the visceral and parietal pleurae are the membranes that surround the lungs. between these membranes is a small amount of serous fluid taht prevents frictin as the pleurae slide over each other during respiration. If the membranes become inflamed they don't slide easily. causing sharp pain on inspiration.
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