Term
| Stimulation of what causes vomiting? |
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Definition
| The Emetic center; stimulated by muscarinics, H1 receptors, dopamine, serotonin 5-HT3 |
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Term
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Definition
prevents vomiting; anti-histamine (H1 receptor antagonist!), aka - diphenhydramine; rapid onset
- motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
prevents vomiting; anti-histamine (H1 receptor antagonist!), aka - dimenhydrinate; rapid onset
- motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
prevents vomiting; anti-histamine (H1 receptor antagonist!), aka - meclizine
- motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
prevents vomiting; phenothiazine
- not used for motion sickness, used for upper GI endoscopy, migraine and anticancer therapy
- increases gastroesophageal sphincter pressure, decreases pyloric sphincter pressure, increases upper gut mobility (sensitizes to Ach - makes more sensitive)
- problem is that it is a central dopamine antagonist on D2 and 5-HT3 receptors (can cause Parkinson symptoms)
- if large doses are used for long periods it can cause irreversible uncontrolled motion of lips, face and tongue |
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Term
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Definition
prevents vomiting; serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist
- no effect on dopamine of muscarinic receptors |
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Term
| What general drug classes are used to prevent vomiting? |
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Definition
| - anti-histamines, anti-cholinergics, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids (weed), D2 receptor antagonists |
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Term
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Definition
prevents vomiting; D2 receptor antagonist
- increases gastroesophageal sphincter pressure, decreases pyloric sphincter pressure, increases upper gut mobility (sensitizes to Ach - makes more sensitive)
- blocks D2 receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
- poorly penetrates BBB, so side effects are mild compared to metoclopramide |
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Term
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Definition
induces vomiting; affects CTZ and irritates gut mucosa
- acts over 15-30 min and you should swallow additional fluids to throw up
- no longer recommended due to side effects |
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Term
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Definition
induces vomiting
- given IV w/ rapid onset
- causes respiratory depression and circulatory collapse, so Naloxone should be available (reverses these) |
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Term
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Definition
| treats diarrhea; soaks up excess fluids |
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Term
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Definition
treat diarrhea; decrease intestinal mobility/propulsions by increasing the tone of circular smooth muscles throughout GI tract
- Morphine, Codeine, Loperamide, Diphenoxylate |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; decreases intestinal mobility/propulsions by increasing the tone of circular smooth muscle throughout the GI tract
- addictive |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; decreases intestinal mobility/propulsions by increasing the tone of circular smooth muscle throughout the GI tract
- addictive |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; decreases intestinal mobility/propulsions by increasing the tone of circular smooth muscle throughout the GI tract
- OTC, non-addictive; does not cross the BBB |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; decreases intestinal mobility/propulsions by increasing the tone of circular smooth muscle throughout the GI tract
- given with atropine
- mildy addictive and potentiates barbiturates |
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Term
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Definition
| treats diarrhea; treats diarrhea due to acid hypersecretion |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; diarrhea due to bile salt malabsorption caused by radiation ileitis or ileal resection
- bile salts are cathartics and cause colonic mucosal secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| treats diarrhea; diarrhea due to celiac disease (destruction of intestinal villi) |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; reduces fluid secretion and slows GI motility
- very short half-life (3 min)! |
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Term
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Definition
treats diarrhea; inhibits pancreatic secretions
- half-life of 1.5 hours! |
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Term
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Definition
failure to reabsorb water in intestines
- very rapid dehydration, if untreated death can occur w/in 15 hrs of symptoms onset
- cAMP dependent Na+ transport is compromised
- treat w/ IV electrolytes and oral electrolytes given with glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| treats constipation; stimulate bowel motion |
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Term
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Definition
| treats constipation; contains polyethylene glycol |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; mucosal irritant using ricinoleic acid
- used preoperatively to purge the gut |
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Term
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Definition
| treats constipation; mucosal irritant |
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Term
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Definition
| treats constipation; mucosal irritant |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; mucosal irritant
- concerns exist about cancer causing effects |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; stool softener
- used in patients who have had bowel surgery |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; stool softener
- used in patients who have had bowel surgery |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; stool softener
- a detergent, may increase drug absorption |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; bulking agent
- not absorbed, so they retain water |
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Term
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Definition
treats constipation; bulking agent
- not absorbed, so they retain water |
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Term
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Definition
| treats inflammatory bowel disease; synthetic corticosteroid |
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Term
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Definition
treats inflammatory bowel disease
- split by colonic bacteria to active form |
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Term
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Definition
treats inflammatory bowel disease
- split by colonic bacteria to active form |
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