Term
Bariatric surgical procedues are either |
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Definition
malabsorptive or restrictive |
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Term
bypass a portion of the small intestine, which reduces food absorption |
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Definition
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Term
reduces the size fo the stomach so that the patient feels full after eating only a small amount of food and takes in fewer calories |
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Definition
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Term
bariactric surgical procedures |
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Definition
roux en y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, duodenal sweitch with bilipancreatic diversion, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding |
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Term
common type of bariatric surgery |
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Definition
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Term
a small pouch that allows very small amounts of food and fluid to enter is created at the top of the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
a term used to describe a condition in which one or more nutrients are not digested or absorbed |
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Definition
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Term
some causes of malabsorption |
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Definition
bacteria, deficiences of bile salts or digestive enzymes, alterations in the intesteinal mucosa, absence of all or part of the stomach or intestines |
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Term
two examples of malabsorption are |
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Definition
spru and lactase deficiency |
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Term
two types of sprue exist: |
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Definition
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Term
celiac diseas is caused by a |
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Definition
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Term
characterized by svere changes in the intestinal mucosa and impaired absorption of most nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
tropical sprue is caused by an _ and results in malabsorption of _ |
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Definition
infections agent, fats, folic acid, vitamin b12 |
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Term
people with lactase deficiency do not have adequate alctase to metabolize |
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Definition
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Term
lactase deficiency may be |
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Definition
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Term
causes of acquired lactase deficiency include |
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Definition
inflammatory bowel disease, gastroenteritis, sprue syndrome |
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Term
comon sign of malabsorption |
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Definition
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Term
the presence of excessive fat in the stool, stools are large bulky, foamy and foul smellign |
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Definition
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Term
pt with malabsorption may also have |
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Definition
weight loss, fatigue, decreased libido, easy bruising |
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Term
the diagnosis of sprue and celiac disease is based on |
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Definition
lab studies, endoscopy with biopsy, and radiologic imaging studies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
celiac disease is treated by avoiding products that contain |
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Definition
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Term
products that contain gluten |
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Definition
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Term
tropical sprue is treated with |
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Definition
antibiotics, oral folate, and vitamin b12 injections |
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Term
defined as the passage of loos liquid stools with increased freqency |
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Definition
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Term
factors that can cause diarrhea |
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Definition
spoild foods, allergies, infections, diverticulosis, malabsorption,c nacer, stress, fecal impactions and tube feedign s |
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Term
diarrhea poses an increased threat to the: |
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Definition
very old, young and those in poor health |
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Term
chronic diarrhea interferes with absorption of nutrients and can lead to |
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Definition
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Term
acute diarrhea is usally treated by |
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Definition
resting the digestive tract and giving antidiarrheal drugs |
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Term
severe, persistent diarrhea may require |
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Definition
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Term
abdominal cramping associated with dirrhea is often relived by _ that reduce intestinal activity |
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Definition
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Term
a condition in which a person has hard dry, infrequent stools that are passed with difficulty |
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Definition
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Term
a diet that is low in _ and high in foods such as _ promotes constipation |
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Definition
fiber chees, lean meant, pasta |
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Term
drug used for _ may cause constipation |
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Definition
anethesia, pain relief, cold symptoms |
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Term
straining occurs when a person attempts ot exhale with the glottis closed causing increased pressure in the chest and abdominal cavities, this is called the |
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Definition
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Term
chronic constipation also contributes to the development of |
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Definition
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Term
another complication of constipation is |
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Definition
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Term
an example of a bulk forming stool softener |
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Definition
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Term
in the intestinal tract metamucl absorbs water to produce a _ to aid in the passage of a soft stool |
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Definition
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Term
an enema or suppository usually acts within |
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Definition
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Term
a laxative may take as long as |
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Definition
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Term
a condition in which the larg intesteine loses the ability to contract effectively enough to propel the fecal mass toward the rectum |
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Definition
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Term
refers to the retentio of a large mass of stool in the rectum that the patient is unable to pass |
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Definition
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Term
when fecal impaction occurs, some liquid stool trickles around the impaction and may be mistake for |
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Definition
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Term
consider possible impaction when a patient who has not had a bowl movement for several days has repeated episodes of |
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Definition
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Term
intestinal obstruction can be caused by many factors including |
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Definition
strangulated hernia, tumor paralyitic ileus, stricture, volvulus, intussesception and post op adhesions |
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Term
symptoms of intestinal obstruction are most acute when an obstructio is located in the _ |
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Definition
proximal portion of the small intestine |
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Term
early symptoms of obstruction are |
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Definition
vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation |
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Term
when there is an intestinal obstruction gastric contents are vomited first followed by |
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Definition
bile and then fecal matter |
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Term
with an intestinal obstruction _ may be passed rectally |
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Definition
blood or purulent drainage |
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Term
if blood supply to the intestine is impaired _ may occur |
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Definition
gangrene and perofration of the bowel |
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Term
the initial treatment of obstruction is |
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Definition
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Term
when assessing for intestinal obstruction ascultat for _ and gently palpate for _ |
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Definition
rapid high-pitched tinkling bowel sounds, tenderness and guarding |
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Term
inflammation of the peritoneum, caused by chemical or bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen |
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Definition
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Term
chemical contamination r/t peritonitis may follow rupture of a digestive tract structure including |
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Definition
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Term
bacterial contamination r/t peritonitis may be caused by rupture of _ or from _ |
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Definition
digestive tract structure or fallopian tube, nonsterile traumatic wounds |
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Term
complications of peritonitis include |
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Definition
abscesses, adhesions, septicemia, hypovolemic shock, paralytic ileus and possible organ failure |
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Term
s&S of peritonitis include |
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Definition
pain over affected area, rebound tenderness, abdominal rigidity and distention, fever, tahcycardia, tachypnea, nausea and vomiting |
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Term
the older pt with peritonitis may have more subtle symptoms with less |
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Definition
pain and the absence of abdominal ridgidity |
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Term
diagnostic tests and procedures to diagnose peritonitis include |
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Definition
CBC, serum electrolyte measurments, abdominal radiography, and ultrasound |
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Term
to treat peritonitis a _ is inserted for GI decompression |
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Definition
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Term
the bulgin portion of intestine through the weak muscle is called a |
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Definition
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Term
weak locations, susceptible to hernias includ |
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Definition
the ubilicus and lower inguinal areas of the abdomen |
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Term
hernias may also develop at the site of a |
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Definition
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Term
hernias are classified as |
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Definition
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Term
hernia that slips back into the abdominal cavity with gentl pressure or when the patient lies on his or her back |
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Definition
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Term
when the hernia cannot be manipulated back into place it is said to be |
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Definition
irreducible or incarcerated |
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Term
an irreducible hernia may impair blood flow to the trapped loop of intestine causing it to become |
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Definition
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Term
hernias are usually diagnosed when a patient reports |
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Definition
a smooth lump on the abdomen |
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Term
hernias are usually not painful unless they become |
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Definition
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Term
with incarceration r/t a hernia the pt has severe |
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Definition
abdominal pain, and distention, vomiting and cramps |
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Term
the repair of the muscle defect by suturing |
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Definition
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Term
if additional measure are needed to strengthen the abdominal wall a _ is done |
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Definition
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Term
after hernia repair surgery, activities are usually restricted for |
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Definition
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Term
Inflammatory bowel disease refers to |
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Definition
ulcerative colitis and chron disease |
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Term
chron disease is also known as |
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Definition
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Term
in both IBD conditions _ of the lining of the intestinal tract occurs |
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Definition
inflammation and ulceration |
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Term
with ulcerative colitis, the inflammation typically begins in the _ and gradually extends up the bowel toward the _ |
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Definition
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Term
the progression of crohn disease is different in that it can: |
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Definition
affect any area of the GI tract |
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Term
when ulcerative colitis affects only the rectum, commonly the patient may have |
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Definition
diarrhea with frequent blood stools and abdominal cramping and fever and weightloss in sever cases |
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Term
If the stomach and duodenum are infolved with crohns disease symptoms include |
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Definition
nausea, vomiting and epigstric pain |
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Term
involvement of the small intestine with chrohns disease produces |
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Definition
pain, abdominal tenderness and cramping |
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Term
ann inflamed colon r/t crohns disease typically causes |
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Definition
abdominal pain, cramping, rectal bleeding and diarrhea |
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Term
systemic s&s of IBD include |
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Definition
fever, night sweats, malaise and joint pain |
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Term
the local complications of IBD include |
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Definition
hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, abscesses in t he anus or rectum, fistulas, megacolon |
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Term
patients who have had ulcerative colitis for 10 years have a greatly increased risk of |
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Definition
coancer of the large intestine |
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Term
systemic complications of ulcerative colitis |
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Definition
inflmmation fo the joints and eyes, skin lesions, urinary stones and lvier disease |
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Term
to confirm diagnosis of IBD the health care provider may order a |
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Definition
colonoscopy with biopsy, a barium enema, examination with air contrast, ultrasonography, CT and cell studies |
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Term
drugs that may be used alone or in combination to treat IBD depending on the specific situation |
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Definition
corticosteroids, immunosuprressant agents, antidiarheal agents, anticholinergics, antibiotics, aminosalicylates, ieron supplements and vitamin b12, infliximab(remicade), antidepressants |
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Term
anticholinergics are used in IBD to: |
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Definition
reduce pain and GI motility |
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Term
antibiotics usually used to treat crohns disease |
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Definition
sulfasalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin or sulfamethoxazole |
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Term
amino salicylates are used in crohns disease to |
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Definition
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Term
is used to block the inflammatory process in crohn disease for patients who do not respond well to azathioprine |
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Definition
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Term
patients with ulcerative colitis are usually maintained between acute episodes with |
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Definition
aminosalicylates, (6-MP is appropriate as well in some conditions) |
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Term
Crohn disease is less responsive to aminosalicylates so the patient may be maintained on |
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Definition
azathioprine or 6-MP(mercaptopurine) |
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Term
the type of diet prescribed for mild to moderate IBD |
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Definition
low-roughage diet without milk products |
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Term
prescribed drugs for diarrhea r/t IBD usually include |
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Definition
antidiarrheals, antispasmodics, anticholinergics, antibiotics and corticosteroids |
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Term
foods that are not allowed with IBD are |
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Definition
whole grains, nuts, and raw fruits and veggies |
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Term
the antibiotic most often prescribed for patients with ulcerative colitis |
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Definition
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