Term
| NSAID contraindicated in gout |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The selective agents loose their selectivity at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Routes of administration of heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scabicide organophosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common side effect of hypnotic agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-seizure medication also used in the prevention of migraines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another pneumonic for anticholinergic toxicity |
|
Definition
| "dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, blind as a bat" |
|
|
Term
| Clinical response that may fluctuate in tx of Parkinson's dx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
Definition
| 100% O2 and hyperbaric O2 |
|
|
Term
| Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period of time of therapy after which GC therapy will need to be tapered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thiamine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross-linking |
|
Definition
| Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide |
|
|
Term
| Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These beta blockers are less lipid soluble |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This diuretic decreases aqueous secretion due to lack of HCO3- ion. Causes drowsiness and paresthesias, alkalinization of the urine may precipitate calcium salts, hypokalemia, acidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical use for H2 blockers |
|
Definition
| Acid reflux disease, duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer disease |
|
|
Term
| Drugs available in combination with metformin |
|
Definition
| Acroplus Met progutazone and metformin, Janumet and Janumet XR Sitagliptin and Metformin, Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activates acetylcholine sensitive K+ channels in SA and AV node |
|
|
Term
| Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition |
|
Definition
| Acute intermittent porphyria |
|
|
Term
| The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-arrhythmic with <10 second duration of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by |
|
Definition
| Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine) |
|
|
Term
| ABVD regimen used for HD, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP |
|
Definition
| Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin, vinblastine +dacarbazine |
|
|
Term
| MOA for Valproic acid at high doses |
|
Definition
| Affect calcium, potassium, and sodium channels |
|
|
Term
| Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent that is teratogen and causes a fetal syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent that metabolize acetaldehyde to acetate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Available bisphosphonates |
|
Definition
| Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid |
|
|
Term
| Antidote for salicylate intoxication |
|
Definition
| Alkalinize urine, dialysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some cell cycle non-specific drugs |
|
Definition
| Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea |
|
|
Term
| Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder |
|
Definition
| Alprazolam and Clonazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alter activity of macrophages and suppress phagocytic activity of PMNs |
|
|
Term
| Enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission SE's include CNS excitation, acute toxic psychosis and livedo reticularis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for thrombolytics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TCA used in chronic pain, a hypnotic, and has marked antimuscarinic effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxicity of anticholinergics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Four main actions of NSAIDS |
|
Definition
| Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aplastic anemia and renal |
|
|
Term
| Selective alpha agonists that decreases aqueous secretion |
|
Definition
| Apraclonidine, brimonidine |
|
|
Term
| Primary endogenous substrate for Nitric Oxidase Synthase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitroprusside vasodilates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous flush due to niacin can be reduced by pretreatment with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irreversible, nonselective COX inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS |
|
Definition
| Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase |
|
|
Term
| Drugs used in the management of angina |
|
Definition
| Aspirin, Nitrates, CCB, and Beta blockers |
|
|
Term
| Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in |
|
Definition
| Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
Term
| Agent undergoing Hofmann elimination (breaking down spontaneously) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrial fibrillation and CHF |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of muscarinic symptoms in organophosphate overdose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GABA agonist in the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class II antiarrhythmics are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem |
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzodiazepines) |
|
|
Term
| MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels |
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers |
|
|
Term
| Agent decreases the excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons. May improve tremor and rigidity but have LITTLE effect on bradykinesia. Atropine-like side effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for severe CV toxicity of theophylline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, and chronic CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF, signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B-blockers that are more cardioselective |
|
Definition
| Beta C2001-selective blockers |
|
|
Term
| These agents increase blood flow and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Block cardiac adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis such as tachycardia, inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 |
|
Definition
| Beta-blockers such as propranolol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Betamethasone, dexamethasone, and paramethasone |
|
|
Term
| Decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholestyramine and colestipol are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches systemic circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE of both warfarin and heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs |
|
Definition
| Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkage |
|
|
Term
| MOA of local anesthetics (LA's) |
|
Definition
| Block voltage-dependent sodium channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age |
|
|
Term
| Peptide causing increased capillary permeability and edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ergot alkaloid that is a partial agonist at D2 receptors in the brain, used for patients who are refractory or cannot tolerate levodopa, causes erythromelalgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy, irritability, and headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Block L-type calcium channel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women |
|
Definition
| Calcium reguators Bisphosphonates: alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-seizure agent that induces formation of liver drug-metabolism enzymes, is teratogen and can cause craniofacial anomalies and spina bifida |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-seizure drugs used also for Trigeminal neuralgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-seizure drugs used as alternative drugs for mood stabilization |
|
Definition
| Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and valproic acid |
|
|
Term
| PCN active against pseudomonas |
|
Definition
| Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin |
|
|
Term
| This is combined with L-dopa, inhibits DOPA decarboxylase (active only peripherally) which allows lower effective doses of L-dopa and allows for fewer SE's (GI distress, postural hypotension, and dyskinesias) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lithium is associated with this congenital defect |
|
Definition
| Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation |
|
|
Term
| Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors |
|
Definition
| Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU) |
|
|
Term
| Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB |
|
Definition
| Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation |
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates |
|
Definition
| Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime |
|
|
Term
| Newer NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that selectively inhibits COX 2 |
|
Definition
| Celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib |
|
|
Term
| Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major SE of bisphosphonates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs |
|
Definition
| Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam |
|
|
Term
| 1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating |
|
Definition
| Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First generation sulfonylurea |
|
Definition
| Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc. |
|
|
Term
| During Phase I these agents worsen the paralysis by succinylcholine, but during phase II they reverse the blockade produced by succinylcholine |
|
Definition
| Cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Reversal of blockade by neuromuscular blockers |
|
Definition
| Cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Chemical antagonists that bind to the inhibitor of ACh Estrace and displace the enzyme (if aging has not occurred) |
|
Definition
| Cholinesterase Regenerators |
|
|
Term
| Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Except for these agents all SSRI have significant inhibition of CytP450 enzymes |
|
Definition
| Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram |
|
|
Term
| Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents |
|
Definition
| Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine) |
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers are used for which type of anginal attack |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), most significant of TCA's for risk of seizure, weight gain, and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder |
|
Definition
| Clomipramine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN |
|
Definition
| Clonidine, and methyldopa |
|
|
Term
| Effective in preventing TIA's |
|
Definition
| Clopidogrel and ticlopidine |
|
|
Term
| Regimen used for breast cancer |
|
Definition
| CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+ |
|
|
Term
| Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most important toxic effects of most local anesthetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive property, favored for head, neck, and pharyngeal surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Commonly abused LA which has cardiovascular toxicity including severe hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overdoses of this agent with powerful vasoconstrictive action may result in fatalities from arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression, or severe HTN (MI and stroke) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These LA's have surface activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three C's associated with TCA toxicity |
|
Definition
| Coma, Convulsions, Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS) |
|
|
Term
| Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep) |
|
Definition
| Combination oral contraceptives (OC) |
|
|
Term
| Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
Definition
| COP (cyclophosphamide, oncovin(vincristine), and prednisone) |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that can be used for infantile spasms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol) |
|
|
Term
| Difference between COX 1 and COX 2 |
|
Definition
COX 1 is found throughout
the body and COX 2 is only
in inflammatory tissue |
|
|
Term
| Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment |
|
Definition
| Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate |
|
|
Term
| Agent used for acute muscle spasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H1 blocker that is also a serotonin antagonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T3 compound less widely used |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for leprosy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most inhaled anesthetics SE |
|
Definition
| Decrease arterial blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome |
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for iron salt toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chelating agent used in acute iron toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antivirals that are teratogens |
|
Definition
| Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common mechanism by which overdose result in death |
|
Definition
| Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dermatitis of the mouth aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine |
|
|
Term
| These agents are used as antitussive |
|
Definition
| Dextromethorphan, Codeine |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOC for status epilepticus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facilitates GABA presynaptic inhibition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects |
|
Definition
| Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate |
|
|
Term
| NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce transient hyper GI motility |
|
Definition
| Dicyclomine, methscopolamine |
|
|
Term
| Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for digoxin toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for digitalis toxicity |
|
Definition
| Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic) |
|
|
Term
| Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H1 antagonist used in motion sickness |
|
Definition
| Dimenhydrinate, meclizine, and other 1st generation |
|
|
Term
| Antidote for arsenic, mercury, and gold poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for severe lead poisoning |
|
Definition
| Dimercaprol + CaEDTA (edetate calcium disodium) |
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for lead poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These agents are used as antidiarrheal |
|
Definition
| Diphenoxylate, Loperamide |
|
|
Term
| Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used in the treatment of alcoholism, if alcohol is consumed concurrently, acetaldehyde builds up and results in nausea, headache, flushing, and hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase |
|
Definition
| Disulfiram, metronidazole, certain sulfonylureas and cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5ht-3 antagonist that has been MOST associated with QRS and QTc prolongation and should not be used in patients with heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These agents are congeners of Amphetamine |
|
Definition
| DOM, STP, MDA, and MDMA "ecstasy" |
|
|
Term
| TCA with greatest sedation of this group, and marked antimuscarinic effects, used for sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiglaucoma organophosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE of Thiazolindinediones |
|
Definition
| Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism; if used over one year, bladder Cancer; with CHF, may cause new or worsening CHF |
|
|
Term
| Indirect-Acting ACh Agonist, alcohol, short DOA and used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), used as adjuncts in Parkinson's dx and cause acute hepatic failure (monitor LFT's) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonselective alpha agonists that increases outflow, probably via the uveoscleral veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOC for Legionnaires' disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for beta agonist toxicity (eg. Metaproterenol) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent that competes for alcohol dehydrogenase in the case of methanol overdose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent with zero-order kinetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC) |
|
Definition
| Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol |
|
|
Term
| Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome |
|
Definition
| Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures) |
|
|
Term
| Class of drugs that works by inhibiting absorption of intestinal cholesterol and can be given concurrently with the Statins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent to treat hypochromic microcytic anemias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness |
|
Definition
| Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively) |
|
|
Term
| Generation of antihistamine that has the most CNS effects |
|
Definition
| First generation due to being more lipid-soluble |
|
|
Term
| Constant percentage of substrate metabolized per unit time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone |
|
|
Term
| Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation |
|
Definition
| Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents |
|
|
Term
| SSRI with long T1/2 and can be administered once weekly for maintenance, not acute tx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SSRI's less likely to cause a withdrawal syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-psychotics available in depot preparation |
|
Definition
| Fluphenazine and haloperidol |
|
|
Term
| Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used in ethylene glycol exposure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA for benzodiazepines and barbiturates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antivirals associated with neutropenia |
|
Definition
| Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon |
|
|
Term
| GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects, used for infertility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of |
|
Definition
| Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Agent used neutropenia especially after chemotherapy |
|
Definition
| G-CSF (filgrastim) and GM-CSF (sargramostim) |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine and dipivefrin are used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products |
|
Definition
| Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC), and reticularis (adrenal androgens) |
|
|
Term
| Antidote for beta-blockers and hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used for Addison's disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Products of Phase II conjugation |
|
Definition
| Glucuronate, acetic acid, and glutathione sulfate |
|
|
Term
| Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second generation sulfonylurea |
|
Definition
| Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc. |
|
|
Term
| SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hallucinations resembling psychosis |
|
|
Term
| Agent more frequently associated with extrapyramidal side effects that can be treated with benzodiazepine, diphenhydramine or muscarinic blocker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antipsychotic having the weakest autonomic effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents used in Tourette's dx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents |
|
Definition
| Halothane and methoxyflurane |
|
|
Term
| Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) |
|
|
Term
| Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most frequent route of metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most commonly abused in health care professionals |
|
Definition
| Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl |
|
|
Term
| Prototype ganglion blocker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug with a high margin of safety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis |
|
Definition
| Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) |
|
|
Term
| Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antihistamine that can be used for anxiety and insomnia and is not addictive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This may enhance activity of local anesthetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition will result from in combination of MAOI with tyramine containing foods (ex. wine, cheese, and pickled meats) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major nutritional side effect of bile acid-binding resins |
|
Definition
| Impair absorption of fat soluble vitamin absorption (A,D,E,K) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening |
|
|
Term
| Major drug interaction with Quinidine |
|
Definition
| Increases concentration of Digoxin |
|
|
Term
| Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by |
|
Definition
| Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines |
|
|
Term
| MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin) |
|
Definition
| Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase |
|
|
Term
| Atropine fever is the most dangerous effect and can be lethal in this population group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Contraindications to use of atropine |
|
Definition
| Infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) |
|
Definition
| Infliximab and etanercept |
|
|
Term
| These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) |
|
Definition
| Inhaled anesthetics, especially isoflurane, aminoglycosides, and antiarrhythmic |
|
|
Term
| MOA of thiazide diuretics |
|
Definition
| Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (cox) |
|
|
Term
| MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent) |
|
Definition
| Inhibiting Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea |
|
|
Term
| Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of patients with prior episodes of thrombocytopenia after a cycle of cancer chemotherapy |
|
Definition
| Interleukin 11 (oprelvekin) |
|
|
Term
| Can be effective for short term therapy of thyroid storm, but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs of choice for status epilepticus |
|
Definition
| IV diazepam (or lorazapam) followed by phenytoin |
|
|
Term
| This produces "dissociative anesthesia", is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5HT2 antagonist mediate synaptic excitation in the CNS and smooth muscle contraction |
|
Definition
| Ketanserin, cyproheptadine, and ergot alkaloids (partial agonist of alpha and serotonin receptors) |
|
|
Term
| Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as pre-op anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kidney and liver toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most important potential SE of metformin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used in drug therapy of Parkinson's instead of Dopamine which has low bioavailability and does not cross the BBB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for methotrexate toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-Parkinson's drug which increases intraocular pressure and is contraindicated in closed angle glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action |
|
Definition
| Lispro (Humalog)/Apidra (glulisine) |
|
|
Term
| Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver toxicity, increased serum cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with an increased incidence of cataracts in patients treated for glaucoma |
|
Definition
| Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves |
|
Definition
| Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol |
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired) |
|
Definition
| Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam |
|
|
Term
| Orthostatic hypotension and QT prolongation |
|
Definition
| Low potency and risperidone |
|
|
Term
| Drug with a narrow margin of safety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduced seizure threshold |
|
Definition
| Low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine |
|
|
Term
| Agent to treat torsades de pointes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability) |
|
Definition
| Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F)) |
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Important drug interaction with chloral hydrate |
|
Definition
| May displace coumadin from plasma proteins |
|
|
Term
| Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin's disease (HD) |
|
Definition
| Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone |
|
|
Term
| All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for opioid addiction |
|
Definition
| Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction |
|
|
Term
| Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria |
|
Definition
| Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin |
|
|
Term
| Thioamide agents used in hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
| Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) |
|
|
Term
| Causes bone marrow suppression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organophosphate anthelmintic agent with long DOA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid) and sometimes for adrenal function test |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inversely related to potency of anesthetics |
|
Definition
| Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) |
|
|
Term
| Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant with MOA as alpha 2 antagonist, has effects on both 5-HT and NE, blocks histamine receptors, and is sedating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-depolarizing antagonist has short duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most useful in patients with significant anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis, and resistant depression |
|
Definition
| Monamine oxidase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Opioids used in anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Morphine, methadone, meperidine, and fentanyl |
|
|
Term
| Receptors for serotonin (5HT-1) are located |
|
Definition
| Mostly in the brain, and they mediate synaptic inhibition via increased K+ conductance |
|
|
Term
| Agents may exacerbate tardive dyskinesias (may be irreversible and there is no treatment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This beta blocker is the longest acting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse |
|
Definition
| Nandrolone and stanozolol |
|
|
Term
| Most common SE of fibrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant which is inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes and may be associated with hepatic failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbamate with intermediate action postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common toxicities of cisplatin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two toxicities of aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structurally related to acetylcholine, used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation |
|
Definition
| Neuromuscular blocking drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neutropenia and agranulocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| W/D from this drug causes anxiety and mental discomfort |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used in Chagas disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for cyanide poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrate used for acute anginal attacks |
|
Definition
| Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets |
|
|
Term
| IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used in ergot alkaloids overdose, ischemia and gangrene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhaled anesthetics, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NO, chloroform, and diethyl ether |
|
|
Term
| Ability to bind to either the same or different site as the drug |
|
Definition
| Noncompetitive antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Tubocurarine is the prototype, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium are newer short acting agent, produce competitive block at end plate nicotinic receptor, causing flaccid paralysis |
|
Definition
| Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers |
|
|
Term
| These prevent the action of Ach at the skeletal muscle endplate to produce a "surmountable blockade," effect is reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors (ex. neostigmine or pyridostigmine) |
|
Definition
| Nondepolarizing type antagonists |
|
|
Term
| Prototypical drug is atropine |
|
Definition
| Nonselective Muscarinic Antagonists |
|
|
Term
| Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants |
|
Definition
| Norepinephrine and serotonin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary amines that have less sedation and more excitation effect |
|
Definition
| Nortriptyline, Desipramine |
|
|
Term
| Class of drugs that reversibly inhibit COX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly, carcinoid, glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Newer atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder, known to cause weight gain, and adversely affect diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Newer atypical antipsychotics that also improve some of the negative symptoms and help acute agitation |
|
Definition
| Olanzapine and aripiprazole |
|
|
Term
| Extrapyramidal dysfunction is more common with these agents, which block this subtype of dopamine receptor |
|
Definition
| Older antipsychotic agents, D2 receptors |
|
|
Term
| Antipsychotics that reduce positive symptoms only |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Route of administration of warfarin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrate used to prevent further attacks |
|
Definition
| Oral and transdermal forms of nitroglycerin |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and flushing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy |
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Different steps of Phase I |
|
Definition
| Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis |
|
|
Term
| Cystitis, postoperative bladder spasms, or incontinence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent can blocking muscarinic receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some of SSRIs' therapeutic effects beside depression |
|
Definition
| Panic attacks, social phobias, bulimia nervosa, and PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder), OCD |
|
|
Term
| The most toxic organophosphate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ability to produce less than 100% of the response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most dangerous of the currently popular hallucinogenic drugs, OD leads to nystagmus, marked hypertension, and seizures, presence of both horizontal and vertical nystagmus is pathognomonic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used in Wilson's disease (copper poisoning) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chelating agent used in Wilson's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methylxanthine derivative used as a remedy for intermittent claudication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| Approved for use in severe pulmonary HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-seizure agent that exhibits non-linear metabolism, highly protein bound, causes fetal hydantoin syndrome, and stimulates hepatic metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme which theophylline inhibits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluable). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only direct acting agent that is very lipid soluble and used in glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These agents are used to treat dry mouth in Sjögren's syndrome |
|
Definition
| Pilocarpine or Cevimeline |
|
|
Term
| Cholinomimetics that increase outflow, open trabecular meshwork, and cause ciliary muscle contraction |
|
Definition
| Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine |
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market) |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin reduces mortality in unstable angina by |
|
Definition
| Platelet aggregation inhibition |
|
|
Term
| Type of resistance found with vancomycin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive Comb's test, depression |
|
|
Term
| Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization |
|
Definition
| Postsynaptic Mu receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hot flashes, and throbbing headache due to meningeal artery dilation |
|
|
Term
| MOA of class III antiarrhythmics |
|
Definition
| Potassium channel blockers |
|
|
Term
| Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection |
|
Definition
| Potential for development of Reye's syndrome |
|
|
Term
| This agent regenerates active cholinesterase and is a chemical antagonist used to treat organophosphate exposure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used to treat patients exposed to insecticides such as parathion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non ergot agents used as first-line therapy in the initial management of Parkinson's |
|
Definition
| Pramipexole and ropinirole |
|
|
Term
| Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prednisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone |
|
|
Term
| COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with |
|
Definition
| Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease |
|
|
Term
| Fibrates are contraindicated in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are contraindicated in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warfarin is contraindicated in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LA causing methemoglobinemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid excretion |
|
Definition
| Probenecid causes urinary excretion of uric acid and lowers serum urate concentrations |
|
|
Term
| Alkylating agent that produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha cells in the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta cells in the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delta cells in the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone |
|
Definition
| Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolongs QT and PR interval |
|
|
Term
| Produces both rapid anesthesia and recovery, has antiemetic activity and commonly used for outpatient surgery, may cause marked hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent effective in physiologic and essential tremor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This agent cause increased aqueous outflow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic high dose abuse of nicotine leads to |
|
Definition
| Psychotic state, overdose causes agitation, restlessness, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, and seizures |
|
|
Term
| Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment of myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased risk of developing cataracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis, patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter. Contraindicated in pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sedative-Hypnotics action |
|
Definition
| Reduce inhibition, suppress anxiety, and produce relaxation |
|
|
Term
| Often mixed with local anesthetic to |
|
Definition
| Reduce the loss from area of injection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta blockers work in CHF by |
|
Definition
| Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure) |
|
|
Term
| Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retinal destruction and dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| Concurrent use of fibrates and statins increases risk of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE of HMG COA reductase inhibitors |
|
Definition
| Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Long acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Longer acting Beta 2 agonists is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common side effect of 1st generation antihistamines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of Colchicine (used in acute gout) |
|
Definition
| Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly |
|
|
Term
| Inhibitor of MAO type B which metabolizes dopamine, used adjunct to levodopa or as sole agent in newly diagnosed pt's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GHRH analog used as diagnostic agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MAOI should not be administered with SSRI's or potent TCA's due to development of this condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laboratory value required to be monitored for patients on valproic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Limiting adverse effect of ganglion blockade that patients usually are unable to tolerate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression, agents are chosen based on these criterion |
|
Definition
| Side-effect profile and prior pt response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanisms of action for Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
| sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) |
|
|
Term
| Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents acting in the CNS or in the skeletal muscle, used to reduce abnormally elevated tone caused by neurologic or muscle end plate disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selectivity of a drug for its receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Well-tolerated and are first-line antidepressants |
|
Definition
| SSRI's, bupropion, and venlafaxine |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes acne, premature closure of epiphyses, masculinization in females, hepatic dysfunction, MI, and increases in libido and aggression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of thiazolindinediones |
|
Definition
| Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates rapid and transient release of of insulin through closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only member of depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, causes fasciculation during induction and muscle pain after use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One depolarizing blocker that causes continuous depolarization and results in muscle relaxation and paralysis, causes muscle pain postoperatively and myoglobinuria may occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Triptan available in parenteral and nasal formulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used for African sleeping sickness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lethal arrhythmias resulting from concurrent therapy with azole fungals (metabolized by CYP 3A4) and these antihistamines which inhibit the 3A4 iso-enzyme. |
|
Definition
| Terfenadine and astemizole (have been removed from the market) |
|
|
Term
| Agents having higher sedation and antimuscarinic effects than other TCA's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bleomycin+vinblastine+etoposide+cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agents used in Huntington's Disease |
|
Definition
| Tetrabenazine (amine depleting drug), Haloperidol (antipsychotic) |
|
|
Term
| Longer acting local anesthetics which are less dependent on vasoconstrictors |
|
Definition
| Tetracaine and bupivacaine |
|
|
Term
| Drug causes teeth discoloration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug increases the renal clearance hence decreases levels of lithium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thioamides, iodides, radioactive iodine, and ipodate |
|
|
Term
| Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IV barbiturate used as a pre-op anesthetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only phenothiazine not exerting antiemetic effects, can cause visual impairment due to retinal deposits, and high doses have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other side effects of Quinidine |
|
Definition
| Thrombocytopenic purpura, and CINCHONISM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid dysfunction, photosensitivity, skin (blue smurf syndrome), corneal deposits, liver damage and pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Similar to clonidine and may cause hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrate free intervals are needed due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Topical mupirocin (Bactroban) |
|
|
Term
| Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant also used for sleep that causes priapism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs, they lower seizure threshold, uses include BAD, acute panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly |
|
Definition
| Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) |
|
|
Term
| Ganglionic blockers formerly used in HTN |
|
Definition
| Trimethaphan, and hexamethonium |
|
|
Term
| Agent with long duration of action and is sost likely to cause histamine release |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of general anesthetics |
|
Definition
| Unclear, thought to increase the threshold for firing of CNS neurons |
|
|
Term
| Removal of PCP may be aided |
|
Definition
| Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction |
|
|
Term
| Major indication for H1 receptor antagonist |
|
Definition
| Use in IgE mediated allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
| Reason ergot alkaloids are contraindicated in pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent that inhibits hepatic metabolism, is hepatotoxic and teratogen that can cause neural tube defects and gastrointestinal distress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-seizure drugs used also for bipolar affective disorder (BAD) |
|
Definition
| Valproic acid, carbamazepine, phenytoin and gabapentin |
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention |
|
Definition
Vancomycin, infusion
at a slow rate and antihistamines |
|
|
Term
| Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant having stimulant effects similar to SSRI's and can increase blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Agent used for neurological deficits in megaloblastic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin |
|
Definition
| Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma |
|
|
Term
| Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration |
|
Definition
| Volume of distribution (VD) |
|
|
Term
| Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitor of leukotrienes (LTD4) receptors and used in asthma |
|
Definition
| Zafirlukast and montelukast |
|
|
Term
| Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
|
|
