^

0^0=0

0^1=1

1^0=1

1^1=0

multiply decimal by 2 record whole number

repeat until decimal =0;

From the caller:

save the callers state

pass the paramaters of the function

save return address

give control to the function

In the function:

allocate space for locals

execute function instructions

return result

give control back to the caller.

begining

pushl %ebp

movl %ebp,%esp

end

movl %ebp,%esp

popl %ebp

Stack

Data- contains global and static variables used by the program that are initialized

BSS-uninitialized global variables and static variables that are initialized to zero

Heap- area is managed by malloc, realloc, and free

stack-contains frame pointers*

int x=0xFF;

char s*=&x;

return *s==0;