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Logical Fallacies
Fallacy - An argument with a flaw in its logic.
19
English
Undergraduate 1
03/12/2012

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Cards

Term
False Dilemma
Definition
Catagory: Fallacies of Distraction.

Two choices are given when in fact there are three or more options.
Term
Argument from Ignorance
Definition
Catagory: Fallacies of Distraction.

Because something is not known to be true , it is assumed to be false, Or because something is not known to be false, it is assumed to be true.
Term
Slippery Slope
Definition
Catagory: Fallacies of Distraction.

A series of increasingly unacceptable consequences is drawn .
Term
Red Herring
Definition
Catagory: Fallacies of Distraction.

The arguer distracts the audience from the issue in question through the introduction of some irrelevancy; change the subject.
Term
Appeal to False Authority
Definition
Catagory: Fallacies of Distraction.

The arguer attempts to support his/her argument by citing someone who is not an expert on that topic.
Term
Appeal to Force
Definition
Catagory: Appeals to Motives in Place of Support.

The reader is persuaded to agree by force.
Term
Appeal to Fear
Definition
Catagory: Appeals to Motives in Place of Support.

The arguer attempts to persuade by invoking feelings of insecurity and fear.
Term
Appeal to Pity
Definition
Catagory: Appeals to Motives in Place of Support.

The reader is persuaded to agree by sympathy.
Term
Bandwagon (Appeal to Popularity)
Definition
Catagory: Appeals to Motives in Place of Support.

A proposition is argued to be true because it is widely held to be true.
Term
Personal Attack
Definition
Catagory: Attacks.

The arguer attacks the character of his/her opponent instead of the opponent's argument.
Term
Tu Quoque
Definition
Catagory: Attacks.

The arguer attempts to defend himself/herself or another from criticism by turning the critique back against the accuser.
Term
Hasty Generalization
Definition
Catagory: Inductive Fallacies.

The sample is too small to support an inductive generalization about a problem.
Term
False Analogy
Definition
Catagory: Inductive Fallacies.

The two objects or events being compared are relevently dissimilar.
Term
Coincidental Correlation (Post Hoc)
Definition
Catagory: Causal Fallacies.

Because one things follows another, it is held to cause the other.
Term
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
Definition
Catagory: Causal Fallacies.

An argument which draws conclusions from a premise which isn't true.
Term
Begging the Question
Definition
Catagory: Missing the Point.

An argument based on statements which are assumed but need themselves to be proved, or assuming the conclusion or part of the conclusion in the premises of an argument.
Term
Straw Man
Definition
Catagory: Missing the Point.

The author attacks an argument different from (and weaker than) the opponent's best argument.
Term
Equivocation
Definition
Catagory: Ambiguity.

The same term is used with two different meanings.
Term
Quoting out of Context
Definition
Catagory: Ambiguity.

The arguer quotes a passage from an expert, removing it from its surrounding matter in such a way as to distort its meaning.
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