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| The arguer attacks and discredits the speaker instead of the speaker’s argument. |
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| To say that something is true just because we cannot necessarily prove it false. |
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| To say that because many people believe in something, it must be true. |
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| Making an argument that is supposedly true because an authority or perceived authority supports it. |
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| Making assumptions about a group of people based on a sample that is too small. Can also be about events, history, items, places. |
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| When someone claims that one event could lead to a chain of bad events, usually ending in some dire consequence. |
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| When someone sets up a weakened version of his or her opponent’s argument and then defeats it because it is weak. Think of BZ. |
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| When an arguer goes off on a tangent that is irrelevant to the current issue in order to distract their audience from the relevant issue. |
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| An arguer gives us two options: one that is completely ridiculous, and one that the arguer wants to convince us of in the first place. Although there are other options, the arguer tries to convince us that we have "no choice". |
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Definition
| The arguer uses a restated version of their argument as proof of their original argument. |
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