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Logical Fallacies/Schemes&Tropes
AP Language Semester Exam
27
Language - English
11th Grade
01/18/2012

Additional Language - English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Asyndeton
Definition
consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses. In a list of items, asyndeton gives the effect of a fast-paced, rapid prose
Term
Synecdoche
Definition
a part of something is used to refer to the whole
Term
Periphrasis
Definition
a descriptive word/phrase used to refer to a proper name
Term
Metonymy
Definition
A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name." metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Using a single feature to represent the whole, metonymy is a form of metaphor in which the thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not actually part of) the subject with which it is to be compared.
Term
Antihimeria
Definition
one part of speech, usually a verb, substitutes for another, usually a noun
Term
Polysyndeton
Definition
is the use of a conjunctino between each word, phrase, or clause, and is structurally the opposite of asyndeton. The rhetorical effect of polysyndeton, however, often shares with that of asyndeton a feeling of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up
Term
Anadiplosis
Definition
repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause
Term
Periodic
Definition
sentences whose main clause is withheld until the end
Term
Loose
Definition
a sentence that ends with a dependent sentence element
Term
Cumulative
Definition
a sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds and adds on
Term
Hortative
Definition
a sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action
Term
Imperative
Definition
sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat
Term
Dogmatism
Definition
When writer asserts/assumes that a particular position is the only one that is conceivably acceptable with a community
Term
Scare Tactic
Definition
Create anxiety and panic, exaggerate possible dangers
Term
Bandwagon
Definition
Attempt to persuade the target audience to join the crowd because "everybody else is doing it
Term
Ad Hominem
Definition
The idea is that you attack your opponent,as opposed to attacking their arguments
Term
Black and White Fallacy
Definition
Reduces a complicated issue by presenting only two choices, with one choice being pushed as being the better choice
Term
Sentimental Appeal
Definition
Arguments that sue tender emotions to distract the audience from facts
Term
Slippery Slope
Definition
An argument that portrays today's tiny misstep as tomorrow's slide into disaster
Term
Straw Man
Definition
An attack on an argument that doesn't exist
Term
Hasty generalization
Definition
An inference drawn from insufficient evidence
Term
Begging-the-question
Definition
Assuming as true the very claim that's disputed -- a form of circular argument divorced from reality
Term
Equivocation
Definition
An argument that give a lie an honest appearance; A half-truth
Term
Non-Sequitur
Definition
An argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another
Term
Glittering Generalities
Definition
Emotionally appealing words with no concrete argument
Term
Either-Or
Definition
situation in which only two alternatives are considered, when in fact there are additional options (sometimes shades of grey between the extremes). For example, "It wasn't medicine that cured Ms. X, so it must have been a miracle."
Term
Scapegoating
Definition
Assigning blame to an individual/group to relieve feelings of guilt from responsible party or distract attention from fixing the problem
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