Term
| Arguer threatens reader/listener. |
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| Arguer elicits pity from the reader/listener. |
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| Argue arouses mob mentality. |
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| Arguer appeals to the reader/listener's desire for love, security, respect, etc. |
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| Arguer verbally abuses other arguer. |
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| Arguer presents other arguer as predisposed to argue this way. |
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Definition
| Ad Hominem (Circumstantial) |
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| Arguer presents other as hypocrite. |
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Term
| General rule is applied to specific case that it was not intended to cover. |
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Term
| Arguer distorts opponent's argument and then attacks the distorted argument. |
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| Arguer draws conclusion different from that supported by premises. |
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| Arguer leads reader/listener off track. |
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| Arguer cites untrustworthy authority. |
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Definition
| Appeal to Unqualified Authority |
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Term
| Premises report that nothing is known or proved, and then a conclusion is drawn. |
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Term
| Conclusion is drawn from an atypical sample. |
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Term
| Conclusion depends on nonexistent or minor causal connection. |
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| Conclusion depends on unlikely chain reaction |
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Term
| Conclusion depends on defective analogy. |
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Term
| Arguer creates the illusion that inadequate premises are adequate by leaving out a key premise, by restating the conclusion as premise, or by reasoning in a circle. |
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Term
| Multiple questions are concealed in a single question |
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Term
| An Either Or statement hides additional alternatives. |
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Term
| Arguer ignores important evidence that requires a different conclusion. |
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Term
| Conclusion depends on a shift in meaning or a word or phrase |
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Term
| Conclusion depends on the wrong interpretation of a syntactically ambiguous statement. |
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Term
| Attribute is wrongly transferred from parts to whole |
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Term
| Attribute is wrongly transferred from whole to parts. |
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