Term
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Definition
| the study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument adequately supports its conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of statements where some of the statements, called premises, are intended to support another, called the conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| a declarative sentence that is either true or false. |
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Term
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Definition
| one in which the premises grantee the conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| is one in which the premises are intended to make the conclusion probable, without guaranteeing it. |
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Term
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Definition
one that in which it is necessary that the premises are true, then the conclusion is true.
Premises are true.
Conclusion is true. |
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Term
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Definition
| one in which it is not necessary that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true. |
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Term
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Definition
a valid a argument in which all of the premises are true.
Valid + All premises True = Sound |
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Term
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Definition
| one that either is invalid or has at least one false premise. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A substitution instance of an argument form is |
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Definition
| an argument that results from uniformly replacing the variables in that form with the statements (or terms). |
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Term
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Definition
| one in which every substitution instance is a valid argument. |
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Term
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Definition
If A, then B
Not B
So Not A
If Not 1 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
If A then B
If B then C
so of A then C
If 2 |
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Term
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Definition
Either A or B
Not A
So B
or
Either A or B
Not B
So A
Either Not |
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Term
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Definition
Either A or B
If A then C
If B then D
So either C or D
Either 2
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Term
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Definition
probable, but not necessary that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true.
A term used similarly to valid, but for inductive arguments, because it doesn't have to guarantee that the conclusion follows the premise, only probable. |
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Term
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Definition
one in which it is not probable that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is false.
Even in the premises are true, it's probable that the conclusion is false. |
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Term
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Definition
a strong argument in which all of the premises are true.
Strong + All Premises True = Cogent |
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Term
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Definition
| one that is either weak or strong, with at least one false premise. |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with the study of methods or evaluating arguments for strength and weakness. |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with the study of methods of evaluating arguments for validity and form. |
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Term
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Definition
a substitution instance in which the premises are true but the conclusion is false.
Used to invalidate an argument. |
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Term
| An invaild argument form is |
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Definition
| one that has some invalid substitution instances. |
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Term
| Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent |
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Definition
If A, then B
Not A
So Not B |
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Term
| A good counterexample to an argument form is |
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Definition
a substitution instance in which the premises are well-known truths and the conclusion is a well-known falsehood.
Used for showing a form is false. |
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Term
| Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent |
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Definition
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Term
| A categorical statement is |
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| a statement that relates two classes or categories, where a class is a set or collection of things. |
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Term
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Definition
| a word or a phrase that stands for a class of things. |
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