Term
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Definition
| Statement provides the reason for evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| Statement that the evidence claims to support or imply. |
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Term
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Definition
Therefore,
Wherefore,
Thus,
Consequently,
We may infer,
Accordingly,
We may conclude,
It must be that,
for this reason,
so,
entails that,
hence,
it follows that,
as a result of. |
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Term
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Definition
Since,
as indicated by,
because,
for, in that,
as,
given that,
may be inferred from,
seeing that,
owing to,
in as much as,
for the reason that. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the reasoning process expressed by an argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the meaning or the information content of a statement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of logic in which the "fundamental elements" are terms, and arguments are evaluated as good or bad depending on how the terms are arranged. |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a logic that involves concepts as possibility, necessity, belief, and doubt. |
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Term
| What are the two conditions in which determine whether something is being proven? |
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Definition
At least one statement must claim to represent evidence or reason.
AND
There must be a claim that the illeged evidence/reason supports/implies something. |
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Term
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Definition
Warnings,
Advice,
Statements of beliefs or opinions,
Loosely associated statements,
Reports |
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Term
| Expository Passage when there is ___ v.s. ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explanations are ___ vs ___ |
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Definition
Why VS Is
Why something is the case VS that something is the case. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statement that describes the event or phenomenon to be explained |
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Term
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Definition
| statement or group of statements that aim to explain |
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Term
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Definition
| is doing work of defining |
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Term
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Definition
| is what is being defined. |
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Term
| Conditional Statement is an... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| component statement that comes after "if." |
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Term
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Definition
| component statement that comes after "then." |
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Term
| Single Conditional Statement is not an... |
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Definition
| ARGUMENT, it is hypothetical |
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Term
| Conditional Statement may serve as either the... |
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Definition
| premise or the conclusion |
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Term
| Non-inferential Passages are |
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Definition
are the same as non-arguments which are...
warnings, piece of advice, belief, opinions, reports, or loosely associated statements. |
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Term
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Definition
is the claim that it's IMPOSSIBLE for a conclusion to be false, given that the Premise is true.
Tell the difference: All |
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Term
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Definition
is NECESSARY REASONING. The reasoning of PROBABILITY. If the P's are true, the conclusion is PROBABLY true.
Tell the difference: Vast Majority |
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Term
| Invalid Deductive Argument is when |
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Definition
it is possible for the conclusion to be false, give that the P's are true.
EX: p1 All automakers are computer manufacturers.
p2 United airlines is an automaker
C: therefore, united airlines is a computer manufacturer. |
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Term
| Valid Deductive Arg is when |
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Definition
It is IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false, given that the P's are true.
EX: P1 All television networks are media companies
p2 NBC is a television network
C: Therefore, NBC is a media company. |
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Term
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Definition
| deductive argument that is VALID with true premisies |
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Term
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Definition
| deductive argument that is INVALID, has one or more false premises. |
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Term
| Inductive Strong Argument |
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Definition
Inductive arguments where it is IMPROBABLE that the conclusion is false, given that the P's are true.
pg 48 for example |
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Term
| Difference between Inductive and Strong Inductive arguments are... |
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Definition
Inductive argument is when the author CLAIMS improbable.
A String Inductive Argument is when the author is right about that claim. |
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Term
| Weak Inductive Argument is when |
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Definition
| when the premise claims that it is probable, but the conclusion is not probable. |
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Term
Which one is a Weak Inductive Argument?
A: A few US presidents were lawyers. Therefore, probably the next US president will be older than 40.
B. All previous US presidents were older than 40. Therefore, probably the next US president will be older than 40.
Why is __ a weak inductive argument? |
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Definition
A. A few US presidents were lawyers. Therefore, probably the next US president will be older than 40.
Because "a few" isn't much of a pattern and therefore, there is no pattern that gives the probability that the next US president will be over 40. |
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Term
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Definition
A strong inductive argument that has all true premises that meet the "Total Evidence Requirement".
Cogent+Strong= All True Premises. |
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Term
| Total Evidence Requirement |
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Definition
| All premises must be true but may not overlook important facts that require a change in the conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A weak inductive argument that has false premises and does not meet the Total evidence requirement. |
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