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| connected series of statements intended to establish another statement |
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| sentence or part of a sentence that expresses something true or false |
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| whatever can be asserted or denied |
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| account intended to show how it came to be that fact or event is the way it is |
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| if you can construe a given passage as containing an argument, make it the strongest argument compatible with the available evidence |
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| an argument in which one or more premises or the conclusion (or both) is left unstated; these are called implicit premises or conclusions |
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| an argument or inference is valid if... |
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| and only if denying its conclusion is incompatible with accepting all its premises |
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| an argument is sound if... |
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| and only if it is valid and all its premises are true. otherwise it is unsound |
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| an argument form is valid if... |
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| and only if there can be no argument of that form with all true premises and a false conclusion |
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| one statement is a component of another if... |
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| substituting it within the original by any other statement still yields a meaningful statement |
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| any statement containing one or more component statements |
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| truth-functional operator |
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| one that forms a compound statement whose truth value is a function of the truth values of the component statements |
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| ~(p v q)/~p & ~q OR ~(p&q)/~p v ~q |
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| p v q if ~p infer q OR p v q if ~q infer p |
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