Term
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Definition
| two assertions that could not both be true under any possible circumstances |
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Term
| Self-Referential Inconsistency |
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Definition
| an assertion that implies that it itself cannot be true, cannot be known to be true, or should not be believed |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of statements in which one or more of the statements attempt to provide reasons for evidence for the truth of another statement |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement in an argument that serves to provide evidence for the truth of a claim |
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Term
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Definition
| the statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply |
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Term
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Definition
| terms that usually indicate that a premise is to follow (Since, because, for, given that) |
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Term
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Definition
| terms that usually indicate that a conclusion will follow (therefore, so, hence, thus, consequently) |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of methods for evaluating arguments and reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| An argument in which it is claimed that the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises |
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Term
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Definition
| An argument in which it is claimed that the premises make the conclusion highly probable |
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Term
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Definition
| an argument in which it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false |
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Term
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Definition
| An argument in which the truth of the conclusion fails to logically follow from the premises |
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Term
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Definition
| a valid argument with true premises |
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Term
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Definition
| an inductive argument in which true premises would make the conclusion highly probable |
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Term
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Definition
| a strong argument that has true premises |
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Term
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Definition
| two simpler statements that are connected with the words if and then |
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Term
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Definition
| the first part of a conditional statement (the if clause) |
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Term
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Definition
| the second part of a conditional statement (the then clause) |
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Term
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Definition
| a valid argument form: If P, then Q. P. Therefore, Q. |
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Term
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Definition
| A valid argument form: If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, Not P. |
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Term
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Definition
| an argument form that is logically defective because the premises provide little or no support for the conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| a deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement that asserts that at least one of two alternatives is true |
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Term
| Reductio ad Absurdam Argument |
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Definition
| argument form that begins with an assumption that the opponent's position is true and then proceeds to show that that postion logically implies an absurd conclusion, a conclusion that contradicts other conclusions held by the opponent, or a conclusion that contradicts itself |
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Term
| Hasty Generalization Fallacy |
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Definition
| fallacy in which a general conclusion is drawn from premises that are not based on a suficient number of observations or from premises in which the sample is not representative |
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Term
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Definition
| the assumption that because X came before Y, X caused Y |
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Term
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Definition
| Fallacy in which the premises are based on two or more cases that contain more differences than similarities |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of bad reasoning that can only be detected by examining the content of the argument |
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