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| act of the intellect where we take certain judgements as given and form conclusions |
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| expression of jusdements that serve as a basis for any inference |
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| expression of judgements derived from premises |
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| an innate or natural potential |
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| learned or acquired ability rooted in a capacity |
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| an intellectual habit by which we know the reason why concerning something necessary |
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| an intellectual habit by which we know the reason why concerning something that can be otherwise |
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the rights and wrongs, how something should behave
<<ethics>> |
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| act of the intellect by which we apprehend that natures are either joined to one another or separated from one another |
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| an act of the intellect by which we apprehend that natures are joined to one another |
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| an act of the intellect by which we apprehend that natures are separate from one another |
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| a perfect composite expression in which there is truth or fallacy |
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| the concept or universal nature indicated by a term-the meaning of a word |
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the kind of existence stands for in relation to its predicate
ie: word=>material
species=>incomplete personal
real thing=>personal
metaphorial meaning=>improper
concept=>simple
fictional |
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| how many of both the subject and the predicate is being talked about in the proposition |
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with prior premise
learned indirectly either through
1) deduction
or
2) induction |
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Definition
learned directly
without prior premise
by sensation
or
self-evident truth |
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something that you know to be true once you understand what's being said
ie: equals plus equals = equals |
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| if it states what that case is |
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| the conclusion of an argument that follows with logical necessity from the premises |
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| an argumentation in which the mind infers a universal truth from sufficiently enumerated singular cases |
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| induction by complete enumeration |
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valid, but not very useful
dish one is dirty
dish 2 is dirty
so on...
no more dishes
therefore, all my dishes are dirty |
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| induction by incomplete enumeration |
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Definition
not valid, very useful
ie: sample population |
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| error in reasoning that comes about because of the form |
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addressing points that are irrelevant to the argument
*stupidhead |
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| when the conclusion of an argument follows with logical necessities from the premise |
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using ignorance to win an argument
ie: how do you prove you're not a witch |
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using an uncredited source in an argument
ie: siting the wrong expert |
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using the conclusion in the premise
ie: how do you know God exists?
-because the Bible tells me so |
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Post hoc ergo propter hoc*
fallacy of false cause |
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corelation does not mean causation
ie: ice cream on the streets and crime rate |
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confusion regarding the signs (words) employed in an argument
1) fallacy of equivication-talking about something that in the end is different from the beginning
2) fallacy of composition-when what is true of the parts is said to be true of the whole w/o further justification
3)fallacy of division-true of the whole is said of the individual w/o further justification |
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Definition
attempt to describe how certain things behave
ie: astronomy or psychology |
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- intellectual production
- product is knowledge sought for one's own sake
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- requires physical labor
- products are necessary for survival
ie: medicine, blacksmith, weaving |
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| 7 traditional liberal arts |
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Definition
1. logic
2. rhetoric
3. grammar
4. geometry
5. arithmetic
6. music
7. astronomy |
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| Empirical method of inquiry |
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Definition
methods of observation and experimentation used to answer questions about the physical world
(answers are either true or false)
ie: from here to there is 5 ft. |
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an art of discussion characterized by the logical criticism of ideas
(either nonsense or makes sense) |
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| principle of contradiction |
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| nothing can both be the case and not be the case |
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the power of the imagination to combine sensory information into a unified phantasm of an object
<sensory cortex> |
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| something that is one and yet common to many |
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| an apprehension of an object in its uniqueness or individuality by way of its sensible attributes |
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the apprehension of an object by our intellect as sharing a certain form or common nature
ie: agenda, orangeness |
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| act by which the intellect apprehends the essence of an object through the phantasm that represents the object |
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| that by which a thing is what it is |
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physical, sensible attributes which could be otherwise
ie: ugly |
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| the relationship between the subject and the predicate in a sentence |
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| a universal said of a subject in a proposition |
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| a set of intelligeable notes that together make up a concept |
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| a set of real objects that fall under a concept |
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| a series of universals ordered under a highest genus |
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| a composite expression that says what a thing is |
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| a composite expression that tels you how to use a word correctly |
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| definitions found in dictionary |
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mythological/history of a definition
ie: sophomore: smart-moron |
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new meaning of a word
1. stipulative-create an entire new meaning for word ie: cookie vs cookies (online)
2. precising-narrowed down meaning from an older meaning |
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| to pursuade through a meaning |
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