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Logic and Critical Thinking
Reasoning Well
27
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
02/20/2008
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Term
Philosophy
Definition
The Love of Wisdom
Term
Metaphysics
 Definition
The nature of reality
Term
Epistemology
 Definition
Theory of knowledge
Term
Ethics
 Definition
How we should live
Term
Logic
 Definition
Study of reason
Term
Subject
 Definition
topic, main idea
Term
Copula
 Definition
is /was /will be
Term
Predicate
 Definition
description of subject
Term
Purpose of reasoning
 Definition
 to solve problems
Term
Purpose of an argument
 Definition
to persuade others
Term
Argument
 Definition
a form of persuasion, to make a claim, gives reasons in support of that claim
Term
Claim
 Definition
A statement that is true or false
Term
Truth Values
 Definition
true and false
Term
Conclusion
 Definition
A claim you're arguing for
Term
Conclusion indicators
 Definition
therefore, thus, so, it follows that, etc.
Term
Premises
 Definition
Claims that give reasons in support of the conclusion
Term
Premises indicators
 Definition
Since, for, because
Term
Tautology
 Definition
A claim that is necessarily true
Term
Contradiction
 Definition
A claim that is necessarily false
Term
Contingent
 Definition
A claim whose truth value depends on evidence
Term
Cogent
 Definition
A good argument with believable premises
Term
Fallacious argument
 Definition
A bad argument
Term
Fallacy
 Definition
An error in reasoning
Term
Deductive argument
 Definition
An argument with a yes or no anwser; an argument where if the premises are true the conclusion must be false
Term
Inductive argument
 Definition
Where if the premises are true, the conclusion is at best, probably true
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