Term
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Definition
| act by which the intellect apprehends the essence of the object through the phantasm that represents that object |
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Term
| empirical methods of inquiry |
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Definition
| methods of observation or experimentation about the physical/ material world |
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Term
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Definition
| apprehend an object by the intellect as sharing a certain form or common nature |
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Definition
| something that is one yet is common to all instances of a given kind |
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Definition
| set of real objects that fall under a concept (wider application = greater extension) |
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Term
| equivocal, univocal, analogous use of terms |
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Definition
| one word two entirely different meanings/ one word used in different context but same meaning/ concepts that are in some ways the same but in some different - related to |
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Term
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Definition
| the art of discussion, characterized by what we might call "locical criticism" of ideas or judgements |
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Term
| principle of contradition |
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Definition
| nothing can both be the case and not the case at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| how something ought to be made up or how it ought/should behave |
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Term
| lexical nominal definition |
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Definition
| reports the common definition found in a dictionary |
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Term
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Definition
| a learned or aquired ability rooted in a capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| that by which a thing is the kind of thing that it is |
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Term
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Definition
| an intellectual habit by which we know the reason why about something necessary or cannot be otherwise |
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Term
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Definition
| attributes that may or may not belong to an object while the object remains the same in kind |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge for its own sake with a intellectual product, purpose is intellectual growth |
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Term
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Definition
| arithemetic, geometry, astronomy, music, grammar, rhetoric, logic |
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Term
| legislative nominal definition |
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Definition
reports a new meaning for a word
-stipulative = new word or old word with new meaning
-precising = old word old meaning but more precise |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship between the predicate and the subject of which it is said |
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Term
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Definition
cannot be otherwise
-genus
-specific difference
-species= g + sd |
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Term
| common sense or synthetic sense |
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Definition
| power of the imagination which unifies sense information into a unified phantasm of an object |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| something that cannot exist on its own - needs a substance |
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Term
| etymological nominal definition |
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Definition
| reports the linquistic orgin of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| a composite expression that signifies what a thing is |
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Term
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Definition
| to describe how something is made up or how it behaves |
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Term
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Definition
| the actualization of a habit |
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Term
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Definition
| the innate or natural potential |
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Term
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Definition
| apprehend an object in its uniqueness or individuality by way of its sensible attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| a habit of right reason regarding the making of something, has an intellecual production |
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Term
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Definition
| a habit of right reason that is practiced by the body for the purpose of tangible products and needs; knowledge sought for practical ends |
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Term
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Definition
| an act of the intellect by which we take certain judgements as given, and derive another judgement from them |
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Term
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Definition
| is the formal sign for the essence of an object |
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Term
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Definition
can be otherwise
-accidents
-properties |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of universals or predicates ordered under a most universal genus |
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Term
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Definition
| a quality that an object has of its specific difference |
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Term
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Definition
| universal set of a subject in a proposition |
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Term
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Definition
may be anything known in which something else is known
- instrumental-natural or conventional
- formal |
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Term
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Definition
| a composite expression which signifies what a word means or how to use a word correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| an expression of a judgement derived from premises or earlier judgements |
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Term
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Definition
a set of intelligable notes that together make up a concept
- smaller and included= more general concept |
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Term
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Definition
| an expression of a judgement that is the starting point of an inference |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement of the form to make a thing the kind of thing it is |
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Term
| persuasive nominal definition |
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Definition
| not definitionsa t all - just for appearance and influence opinion |
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Term
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Definition
| an act of the intellect by which we apprehend that natures are either joined or separated from one another |
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Term
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Definition
| when the intellect compares one concept with another as though apprehending a conjunction or identity of the the things of which they are conceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| when it compares one concept with another that it apprehends the things to be diverse |
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Term
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Definition
| speech in which there is truth or falsity : a composite expression - has to express a complete thought - perfect speech |
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Term
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Definition
| analogous use of a term, the concept or universal nature indicated by a term, expressed by the definition of the nature signified by the term; the meaning of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with the fact that when a term with signification is used in a proposition, the term not only signifies a concept but also stands for or refers to some kind of object or thing; the kind of existence a subject stands for in relation to its predicate |
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Term
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Definition
| how many of both the subject and the predicate is being reffered to in a proposition, distributed = all, undistributed= some |
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Term
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Definition
| how many of both the subject and the predicate is being reffered to in a proposition, distributed = all, undistributed= some |
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Term
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Definition
| without prior premises, direct, immediate; sensory and self-evident truth |
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Term
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Definition
| something that you know to be true once you understand what is being said; something that is necessarly so |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of reason passing from a knowledge of the known to a knowledge of what was not known |
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Term
| truth (when what a prop. asserts is the case |
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Definition
| a proposition is true if it states what is the case |
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Term
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Definition
| something that is known through prior premise; indirect; something you can use argumentation for; induction and deduction |
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Term
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Definition
| if the conclusion follows with logical necessity from the premises |
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Term
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Definition
| an argumentation in which the mind infers a universal truth from sufficiently enumerated singular cases |
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Term
| induction by complete enumeration |
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Definition
| a form of induction in which one enumerates or takes into account each and every one of the relevant individuals; the conclusion of such an induction follows necessarily from its premises by virtue of the fact that the premises mention every relevant case |
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Term
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Definition
| consider only some of the relevant individuals; necessary to determine what will count as sufficient number of instances to justify the conclusion; depends on the subject matter |
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Term
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Definition
| some kind of error in reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| any error in reasoning due to a failure to comprehend the matter of an argument; any error due to a confusion regarding the signs employed in the arguement or the concepts signified by those signs |
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Term
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Definition
| fault derived from their form, fallacies where the propositions in the argument were not properly arranged |
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Term
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Definition
| a fallacy within language deriving from a failure to grasp the significance of the signs employed in an arguemtn; error of reasoning rooted in a misunderstanding of the signs that are employed in the argument |
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Term
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Definition
| a fallacy outside language that suggest that an argument consists of premises that might support some conclusion, only not the one that is actually given in the argument "irrelevant conclusion" |
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Term
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Definition
| derives from the fact that whatis true of a group of individuals taken as individuals may not be true of thsoe individuals taken as a collection |
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Term
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Definition
| derives from the fact that what is true of a group of individuals taken as collection may well not be true of those individuals taken as individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| "arguments against the man"; an error in reasoning that occurs when a proposition is opposed by reference to the character or social or cultural background of the source instead of by criticism of the content of the proposition |
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Term
| post hoc ergo propter hoc |
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Definition
| "the fallacy of after this, therefore because of this"; occurs when one event that follows another event temporarly is therefore judged also to follow from that first event causally; the fact that one thing precedes another in time does not make the first the cause of the second |
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Term
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Definition
| circular reasoning; the premises or at least one of the premises of an argument committing fallacy is irrelevant as proof of the conclusion because it in fact states what the argument is intended to prove. the argument assumes the very thing it is supposed to demonstrate |
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Term
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Definition
| error in reasoning that occurs when it is asserted that a given proposition is true (or false) because there is no evidence contrary to (or in support of) the proposition |
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Term
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Definition
| an error in reasoning that occurs when a proposition is supported by an appeal to the authority of an individual competent in one field as though he were an expert in another field |
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