Term
|
Definition
| theory of knowledge that says that all knowledge comes from experience and observation (sensory perception of evidence) rather than innate (inborn) ideas and reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
existing in one from birth; inborn -
all three of these British empiricists reject the concept of innate ideas - Rationalist theory states that we are born with some innate ideas from which we form knowledge, such as the existence of our bodies, the concept of time |
|
|
Term
| tabula rasa (think "erased tablet") |
|
Definition
| the theory that individuals are born without built-in mental content (blank slate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Locke states that all knowledge comes from two types of experience - sensation and reflection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A simple idea (Space, extension, figure, motion, and rest) produced in the mind using one of our working sensory organs - eyes, ears, noses, tongues and skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal experience, called reflection, makes us understand the operation of the spirit on the objects of sensation, such as knowing, doubting, believing, pleasure, pain |
|
|
Term
| Locke - primary qualities |
|
Definition
| those qualities that cannot be separated from the physical existence (solidity, extension, figure, number, motion) |
|
|
Term
| Locke -secondary qualities |
|
Definition
| qualities that depend on the perception of the spectator and can cause sensation (taste, color, sound) - example - warm one hand and cool the other then place both in warm water - the temperature of the water feels different to each hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a blind person gains sight will they recognize object by sight that they know only by touch? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary qualities can be ideas only and not properties of matter. Locke says that objects cause our experience, but how do we know that there are actually objects and not just "that which we perceive" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are no material substances, no physical objects, only minds and ideas in mind - published a conversation between Hylas and Philonous to refute some of Lockes ideas because they did not acknowledge God |
|
|
Term
| Berkeley - subjective idealism |
|
Definition
| there are no material substances, no physical objects, only minds and ideas in mind |
|
|
Term
| Berkeley - primary qualities and God |
|
Definition
| we can think things into existence - these thing exist as ideas even when we are not here because they are perceived by God |
|
|
Term
| Berkeley - esse est percipi |
|
Definition
| "esse est percipi" to be is to be perceived |
|
|
Term
| Berkeley secondary qualities |
|
Definition
| Refutes Lockes ideas of primary and secondary qualities - if secondary qualities are perceived from the mind, so are primary qualities - because we all perceive things differently (think Honey I shrunk the kids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impressions include sensations (burned hand on hot stove), passions, and emotions (fear at being chased) and are stronger than ideas (see hume ideas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mental images or memories of impressions - weaker than the actual impressions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Missing shade of blue - Hume proposed it himself as an exception, then deemed it insignificant. It is in direct contrast to the basic rules of his theory, so caused some controversy among philosophers. Argued that we do not exist, but are a collection of perceptions and also that it is impossible to rationally accept the existence of God due to the lack of impressions of him. |
|
|
Term
| Humes project - copy thesis |
|
Definition
| All our simple ideas in their first appearance are derived from simple impressions when we recall (copy) those impressions to form ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If someone has seen all the colors there are except a particular shade of blue is presented with a card with all the shades of blue but the one he has never seen is missing, that person would be able with their imagination to create an accurate idea of that shade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All meaningful ideas can be traced to sense experience (impressions). Beliefs that cannot be traced to sense experience are technically not ideas at all; they are meaningless utterances. Hume had skeptical conclusions regarding some of our most fundamental beliefs. Hume thought that imagination, rather than reason or experience, accounts for the persistence of our belief in the independent existence of an external world, and that imagination ultimately overrides reason. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meaningful ideas (beliefs, abstractions and general cognitive events)are traced back to impressions. Anything that cannot be traced to impressions is meaningless and should be abandoned. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controversial - said that miracles in general should not be taken as real since they are seconhand accounts, people like the sensational aspect of them, they usually are reported when |
|
|
