Amino Esters

 Cocaine

Benzocaine (Americaine®)

Tetracaine (Pontocaine®, Amethocaine®, Prax®)

Procaine (Novocain®)

Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine®)

Proparacaine (Alcaine, Ophthaine, AK-Taine®)

Cocaine

Not a narcotic, classified as a local anesthetic

Only local anesthetic that has adrenergic activity

Used topically in eye and nose surgery and in muscosal procedures

Is a drug of abuse so its use is restricted

Amino Esters (Local anesthetics)

Benzocaine

Americaine®

Most commonly used for insect bites, sunburn, and burns

Amino ester (Local anesthetic)

Tetracaine

Pontocaine®, Amethocaine®, Prax®

Used for ocular surgery, insect bites, burns, sunburns, nerve block, spinal procedures, and dental procedures

16 times more potent than procaine

 Amino esters (Local anesthetics) 

Procaine

Novocain®

Used in dental procedures

Amino Ester (Local anesthetics) 

Chloroprocaine

Nesacaine®

Used in dental procedures

Amino Ester (Local anesthetics)

Proparacaine

Alcaine®, Ophthaine®, AK-Taine®

Used in ocular surgery 

Amino Ester (Local anesthetics)

Amino Amides

Lidocaine (Xylocaine®)

Mepivacaine (Carbocaine®, Polocaine®, Isocaine®)

Bupivacaine (Marcaine®, Sensorcaine®)

Levobupivacaine (Chirocaine®)

Ropivacaine (Naropin®)

Prilocaine (Citanest®)

Dibucaine (Nupercainal®, Cinchocaine®)

Articaine (Septocaine®)

Lidocaine

Xylocaine®

Used for mucosal procedures, dental procedures, nerve block, and spinal procedures

Use with a vasoconstrictor (Epinephrine)

Amino Amide (Local anesthetics)

Mepivacaine

Carbocaine®, Polocaine®, Isocaine®

Amino Amides (Local anesthetics)

Bupivacaine

Marcaine®, Sensorcaine®

Used for nerve block and spinal procedures 

Amino Amides (Local anesthetics)

Levobupivacaine

Chirocaine®

S-enantiomer of bupivacaine

Amino Amide (Local anesthetics)

Ropivacaine

Naropin®

Amino Amides (Local anesthetics)

Prilocaine

Citanest®

Amino Amide (Local anesthetics)

Dibucaine

Nupercainal®, Cinchocaine®

Used for insect bites, burns, and sunburns

Amino Amides (Local anesthetics)

Articaine

Septocaine®

Amino Amide (Local anesthetics)

Pramoxine

Anusol®, Tronothane®, Proxine®, Tronolane®, Pramocaine®

Used for insect bites, burns, and sunburns

Amino Ether (Local anesthetics)

Dyclonine

Dyclocaine®, Dyclone®, Sucrets®

Used in throat lozenges

Amino Ketone (Local anesthetics)

Oxybuprocaine

Benoxinate®

Used in ocular surgery

Miscellaneous Local anesthetics

Local Anesthetics

Work by blocking nerve impulse conduction when applied to the nerve tissue

Block voltage gated sodium channels to inhibit depolarization which prevents action potential formation which prevents impulse conduction