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local anesthesia chapter 5
local anesthetic agents
14
Dentistry
Undergraduate 3
09/03/2014

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Cards

Term
local anesthetics contain 2 drugs what are they
Definition

local anesthetic agent

 

vasocostrictor (requires sodium bisulfite as preservative, can cause allergies)

Term
what are the  lidocain (xylocaine) ratios
Definition

2% plain lidocaine

 

2% 1;50,000

 

2% 1:100,000

Term
what are mepivicaine ratios?
Definition

3% plain

 

2% 1;20,000 levonordefrin

 

NOTE MEPIVICAINE is not as vasodilating

Term
what is a good amide local for pt with liver damage?
Definition

prilocaine: 4% plain 1:200,000

 

it is mostly broken down in lungs 

Term
what is important about articaine (septocaine)
Definition

4% 1;100,000 epi 4% 1;200,000

 

kicks in quick but does not last long

 

used for infiltration on maxilla only

Term
what is the strongest amide 0.5 % 1;200,000
Definition

bupivicaine (marcaine)

 

long half life 3.5 hours

Term

what are short acting LA's without epi

 

last 30 min and do not contain vasoconstrictors

Definition

-lidocaine 2%

 

-mepivicaine 3%

 

-prilocaine 4%

Term
which is long acting local 90 min or more
Definition
bupivicaine 0.5% 1;200,000
Term
which alveolar bone is less dense, maxillary or mandibular
Definition
maxillary is less dense than mandibular
Term
what do beta blocker do?
Definition
block beta receptors-limits epi to heart
Term
which receptors are most sensitive to epi? alpha or beta
Definition
beta are more sensitive to epi
Term
why is articaine goog for liver pt?
Definition
hydrolyzed in plasma 95% and biotransformed in liver
Term
what is the only amide that has ester component attached to aromatic ring structure, and has shortest half life, and has low risk for systemic toxicity?
Definition
articaine septocaine has ester, low risk for toxicity, and shortest half life.
Term
myasthenia gravis pts should not be given esters, why?
Definition

esters are metabolized in blood plasma and they are on cholinisterase inhibitors.  

 

give them amides!!!

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