Term
| What are the two types of thinking? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Creative thinking |
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Definition
| A production of ideas - it is accomplished by widening your focus of ideas and looking at different possibilities |
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Term
| Describe Critical thinking |
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Definition
| The evaluation of ideas - thinking about thinking in order to decide what to believe and how to believe it |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps used in the "Ideal Problem Solving Network" |
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Definition
I - Identify problem and opportunities
D - Define goals
E - Explore all possible strategies
A - Anticipate outcomes and Act
L - Look back and Learn |
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Term
| Who created the "Ideal Problem Solving Network" |
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Definition
| Bransford and Stein (1993) |
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Term
| What is a ill structured problem? |
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Definition
| They generally have no clear paths to their solutions. Which means we have to use our insight or creative processes |
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Term
| What is a well structured problem? |
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Definition
| They generally have clear paths to their solutions. This means we generally use critical thinking |
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Term
| What are the key concepts of Identifying a problem and opportunities? |
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Definition
1. Attend [to the
2. Clarify [what the problem is]
3. Convergence [bring points towards centre]
4. Divergence [move away from the centre]
5. Analyse [the problem]
6. Reflection [spend time thinking…….]
7. Synthesis [bring together / conclusion] |
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Term
| Describe the difference between convergence and divergence |
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Definition
| Convergence is moving towards a particular point while divergence is moving away from it. |
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Term
| What are the key concepts of Defining Goals |
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Definition
1. Identify and define problem accurately!
2. Creative solution? |
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Term
| What are the key concepts of "Explore all possible strategies" |
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Definition
1. Heuristics: method of discovery
2. Algorithms: means of solving a problem
3. Means-end analysis: break a problem into sub-goals that can be reached by solving smaller problems
4. “Search” (look inside) and (outside)
5. Working backwards
6. Analogies |
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Term
| What is the key concepts of "Anticipate outcomes and Act" |
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Definition
| Act on a selected strategy |
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Term
| What are the key concepts of |
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Definition
1. Look back and evaluate results
2. Re-evaluate – depending on situation
3. Well-structured problems–early verification and Ill-structured problems-more difficult |
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Term
| What is the goal of Creative Thinking? |
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Definition
| To produce something original and valuable |
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Term
| What is the goal of Critical Thinking? |
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Definition
| To continuously direct your thinking towards finding thoughtful solutions to problems and continually check/test possible solutions to your work. |
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Term
| What are the 7 key concepts to "Obstacles to developing solutions to problems" |
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Definition
1. Listening skills and preconceived ideas
2. Perceptual fixedness
3. Functional fixedness
4. Fear of evaluation
5. Lack of information and/or expertise
6. Motivation and mental sets
7. Lack of confidence |
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Term
| Define Function Fixedness |
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Definition
| When someone has the inability to use a familiar object to perform an unfamiliar function |
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Term
| What are the 6 guide lines of critical thinking? |
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Definition
1. Be open-minded about new ideas.
2. Know when you need more information.
3. Be aware that different people have different ideas about the meanings of words, gestures, expressions and other communication signals.
4. Know the difference between something that must be true and something that might be true.
5. Separate emotional and logical thinking.
6. Develop your vocabulary in order to understand others and to make yourself understood. |
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Term
| List 3 common mistakes made when trying to critically think |
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Definition
1. Bias points of views where only ‘supporting’ information is offered.
2.Testimonials used to convince you of the ‘right’ information when the person giving the feedback may not be reliable ie celebrity
3. Emotional focused thinking through being influenced by scare tactics or appeals for pity |
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Term
| Describe the difference between deductive and inductive forms of arguments |
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Definition
| Arguments come in two forms – deductive and inductive. A deductive argument is intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion. An inductive argument is intended to provide probable – not conclusive support for its conclusion. |
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Term
| What are the 4 steps to evaluate an argument |
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Definition
1. Understand the argument
2. Seek out competing views
3. Sort out disagreements
4. Make your judgment |
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