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| Alternative to the Academy, art school with focus on architecture and cutting edge art. |
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| Walter Gropius (Bauhaus Director, 1918-1928) |
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| Founder of Bauhaus, big on furniture, wrote manifesto. Wants to promote art and craft merger. |
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| Gropius’s “Bauhaus Manifesto,” 1919 |
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| Art, design, architecture and craft merger promotion. |
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| Bahausbücher (Bauhaus Books) |
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| books published by the Bauhaus to promote their presence. |
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| Die Werkmeistern (Craft Master Workshops) |
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| professor lets students work on craft at own pace, helps individually, like workshop or lab style now. |
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| lines of Bauhaus style, but floats straight up |
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| Closing of The Bauhaus, 1933 |
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| Republic Hitler vowed to overthrow, but eventually became the Nazi Regime. |
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| Painter rejected from the Academy of Vienna, jailed for political party, thought only realism was painting. |
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| Hitler's political party, which he created, before he got put in jail. |
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| Entartete Kunst - Degenerate Art Exhibition, 1937 |
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| Showing of all the art Hitler saw as impure, that is, all of Modernism. Killed development of German art. |
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| The Great Depression of 1929 |
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| No jobs, Hitler had all the answers, brought him to power. |
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| Chancellor of Germany under Hitler, led purge against Degenerate Artists. |
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| Two Thousand Years of German History |
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| Two thousand years of German art that never existed, in a parade. Nobility, and celebration of Aryan ideals. |
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| Showed off fake German history of art, Hitler bought most of the pieces himself |
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| Alliances led to conflicts led to everybody fighting, many Germans being persecuted, two nukes on Japan and another war that Germany lost. |
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| Said he couldn't paint outside Germany, but was persecuted for art, so moved to remote Germany to keep painting. |
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| praised as a true artist at 27, enlisted to fight in WWI, mentally ruined by this |
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| Depicted Berlin lifestyle in his art, throughout Hitler's rise to power. Moved to USA just before Hitler gained control. |
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| pledged allegiance to Nazis, but they still would not return his paintings |
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| Italian Metaphysical School |
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| tried to be the opposite of Italian Futurism |
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| Pale of Jewish Settlement |
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| Russian territory for Jews, no land, and mandatory relocation |
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| to be above realism, rather than against it |
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| big on the subconscious vs. conscious, and dreams |
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| something so bizarre it takes the mind a moment to realize it |
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| promising artist ruined by WWI, turned inwards after that |
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| to create automatically, without restraints, to simply act without thought |
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| Imaginary Surrealism, Abstract Surrealism |
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Imaginary: a dreamlike style,
Abstract: to act automatically |
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| Spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on the critical and systematic objectification of delirious associations and interpretations. -Salvador Dali |
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| Artists in New York documenting Manhattan lifestyle, with paints that looked like they came out of an ash tray. |
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| The Stieglitz Group, 291 Gallery |
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| Gallery exhibiting Picasso and Metisse works in New York, based on European immigrant photographer himself. |
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| Metisse, Duchamp and Picasso |
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| art with a focus on extreme precision and accuracy |
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| fear of the foreign and focus on the indigenous |
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| Works Progress Administration and New Deal were FDR's actions to make jobs for America, post-depression |
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| 1910-40ish rise of African American art in New York |
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| Mexican Revolution (ca. 1910-21) |
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| overthrow of dictator, rise of the working class |
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| leader of Mexican revolution |
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| first president of Mexico after revolution |
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| Minister of Education José Vasconcelos |
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| chosen to lead education and public art in Mexico |
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| more realistic and not avante garde |
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| Rivera, Orozco, Siqueiros were national heroes |
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| focus on pre-Colombian Mexican |
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| European Émigrés in New York City |
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| immigrants into New York to escape WWII, made New York center of Modern Art |
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| Allies fighting until two nuclear bombs were dropped on Japan and Germany was surrounded. |
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| made surrealism foundation of abstract expressionism |
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| avoided conscious thought, since viewed it as basis for WWII |
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| big sweeping motions to form lines and strokes |
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| Painting that is characterized primarily by large fields of flat, solid color spread across or stained into the canvas; creating areas of unbroken surface and a flat picture plane. |
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| The Irascibles photograph by Nina Leen (1951) |
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| group of rebellious artists |
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| Hans Namuth’s Photographs of Pollock (ca. 1950) |
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Definition
| Namuth extensively documented Pollock's painting process, showing the creation of his works (and the art in that). |
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Definition
| Temporary art form made on the ground with colored sand. |
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| Carl Jung’s Collective Unconscious |
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| How all lifeforms organize information in the brain. |
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| Nuclear arms race between USA and Russia. |
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| The Red Scare and McCarthyism |
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| Fear of communism, and the extreme accusations against innocent people. |
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| The Museum of Modern Art, New York |
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| MOMA has the largest collection of modern art in the world. |
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| Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg |
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Definition
Greenburg was a formalist, painting that makes you aware that it's a painting.
Rosenburg was technique oriented, thought act of creation was most important. |
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| Greenbergian Modernism was artists trying to transcend the "ills of the world" |
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| vertical, thin lines crossing the solid color of the canvas, to define the space |
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| Barnett Newman’s “The First Man Was An Artist” |
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| Essay about how art is the core of good for man, and how Newman's paintings represent that. |
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| Unofficial art, or Outsider art. |
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| French abstract painting style, European equivalent of Abstract Expressionism. |
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| Gutai were performance artists in Japan post-WWII, responding to USA Propaganda influences - expressed duality of creating and destroying. |
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| Second Generation Abstract Expressionism |
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| Those that were inspired by and followed (and responded to) the first generation of Abstract Expressionism. |
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| Art movement that takes real world objects and recontextualizes them as art, second gen abstract expressionists. |
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| Art style that takes real world objects and recontextualizes them as art. |
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| Professor at Black Mountain college to Rauschenburg and Johns, says art should speak directly to the viewer. |
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| Four and a half minutes of silence, by John Cage. |
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| Mergers of paint and real world sculpture. |
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| Encaustic painting uses hot wax, and gives the piece more depth, staining the wax to color it. |
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| Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles |
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Definition
| Ed Kienholz founded his own Gallery, since none would have him and his anyman work. |
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| Allan Kaprow’s “The Legacy of Jackson Pollock” (1958) |
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| Allan Kaprow wrote that Pollock's paintings made us aware of paintings in the world, and their locations. This led to happenings being created. |
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| Pop art takes art from pop culture and incorporates it. |
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| London Group interested in "found art" or art/objects discovered and re-contextualized to become new art. |
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| London’s Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) |
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| Meeting place of the Independent Group. |
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| Overlapping dots used to create colors in printed comics. |
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| Andy Warhol's studio, run by his workers. |
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| Mass production technique used by Warhol to create art. |
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