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Lizzie's Sociology Final
Sociology Final 201
53
Social Studies
Undergraduate 1
08/20/2015

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Cards

Term
What are the primary categories of social stratification?
Definition
Upper class, middle class and lower class
Term
What is social stratification and how is it related to social inequality?
Definition
A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy- the degree of social inequality determines a person's social rank
good-better-best
Term
List and explain the principles of social stratification.
Definition
1. it's a trade society- not a reflection of individual differences.
2. it carries from generation to generation
3. Universal but variable
4. Involves inequality and beliefs
Term
structural functional approach of social stratification?
Definition
Views social stratification plays a vital part in the operation of society.
Term
social conflict approach of social stratification?
Definition
provides some people with advantages over others.
Term
symbolic interaction approach of social stratification?
Definition
Social position is a matter of meanings, which reflect the quantity and quality of products that we consume
Term
How is socioeconomic status linked to education, profession, resources and healthcare?
Definition
Social stratification predicts some measure of inequality: money, resources, health, and power = wealth, power and prestige
Term
Compare a class society and a caste society.
Definition
Caste- Social stratification based on ascription or birth.
Class- Social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement.
Term
“culture of poverty theory”
chief criticism of it?
Definition
"The subculture develops mechanisms that tend to perpetuate it”

"fatalistic"
Term
race
Definition
socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of society consider important. Race is a social construct.
Term
ethnicity
Definition
Socially constructed cultural traits a society defines as important: common ancestors, language, religion.
Term
Why are race and ethnicity considered to be social constructs?
Definition
Both race and ethnicity are created by society and defined by society.
Term
Thomas Theorem relate to racism in America?
Definition
The Thomas Theorem is that situations are defined as real become real in their consequences.
Term
cycle of racism
Definition
social distance leads to prejudice leads to racism leads to discrimination which leads to social distance.
Term
four-point continuum in pluralist society
Definition
-diversity
-tolerance
-relativism
-dialogue
Term
How are race and ethnicity linked to social stratification?
Definition
race= social position
ethnicity= social position
Term
What are three examples of institutional racism in Oregon’s history?
Definition
Interracial marriage, curfew, exclusion, taxation
Term
Identify and explain three of the four Theories of Prejudice.
Definition
Conflict: power manipulates ethnic groups to keep power.
Scapegoat: blame all problems
Authoritarian: maintain power over another group.
Cultural: taught as part of socialization
Term
What is the difference between sex, gender and sexual orientation?
Definition
Sex: body parts
gender: brain
Orientation: to whom you are attracted
Term
How is gender related to social stratification?
Definition
women are less equal to men
Term
How are sexuality and culture linked?
Definition
culture is how we view sexuality
Term
What is the “Women’s Movement” and how has it affected the lives of men and women in present day society?
Definition
voting, city life- birth control, sexual revolution- AIDS, hooking up, equal pay
Term
What is sexism?
Definition
The belief that one sex is superior to the other.
Term
What is institutionalized sexism?
Definition
women with low-paying jobs
Term
How is social conflict related to sexuality in our society at present?
Definition
sex as a means of social inequality
Term
How is gender related to culture? Socialization? The media?
Definition
family, peers, and the mass media give idea of what is culturally appropriate for the sexes
Term
How does gender stratification affect workplace roles/responsibilities?
Definition
the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women
Term
How is gender related to minority status?
Definition
status based on race/sex/class
Term
What are 3 ways in which our society has used its political institutions to address sexism in the workplace?
Definition
Civil rights, no discrimination laws, voting rights
Term
How do sociologists describe “social institutions?” Provide four examples.
Definition
systems and structures within society that shape the activities of groups and individuals
Term
What are the primary functions of a political institution in society?
Definition
roles and norms that govern the distribution of power in society
Term
What are the four major types of political systems in the world?
Definition
Authoritarian System, Democracy, Dictatorship, Federation
Term
What are the three branches of the American government?
Definition
Judicial Branch, Supreme Court, and Federal Court.
Term
What is “independent judiciary? How did this term become critical to the civil rights movement in the 1950’s?
Definition
The separation of powers- non-biased decision about segregation laws
Term
Define “power?” Identify two of the three “Theories of Power”
Definition
ability to impose one's will on others
1. Pluralist- People rule
2. Power-Elite- Few people rule
3. Marxist- system is biased
Term
definition of an educational system in society?
Definition
The process by which a society transmits its knowledge, values, and expectations to its members so they can function effectively
Term
Why did the United States make education mandatory?
Definition
to improve literacy rates and discourage child labor
Term
primary functions of education in our society? (Structural functional theoretical approach)
Definition
1. Socialization
2. Transmission of culture
3. Social control
4. Social placement
5. Change and innovation
Term
What is the “hidden curriculum” and how does it relate to “latent functions” of education?
Definition
1. Restricting
2. social networks
3. Creating a generation gap
Term
What are the social conflicts involving education in the US? (Social-Conflict theoretical approach)
Definition
emphasizes that power and inequality that are part of education as a social institution
Term
Symbolic-Interaction theoretical approach applied to the evaluation of education?
Definition
teacher expectancy effect
Term
define religion as a social institution?
Definition
people must have a sense of purpose
Term
What is the difference between a religious and a secular society?
Definition
religion separated from society vs. religion part of society
Term
What are we?
Definition
Capitalist society
Term
What is religious pluralism?
Definition
co-existence of many religions in a society
Term
structural-functional, social-conflict and symbolic interaction theoretical approaches of religion.
Definition
Structural: system of shared beliefs
Social: social institution involving beliefs
Symbolic: belief based on conviction no evidence
Term
What is the function of the economy as a social institution?
Definition
businesses compete freely, minimal government intervention
Term
What were the primary distinctions between the Agricultural Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution?
Definition
population growth- low- high- low
Term
What are the changing patterns of work in the United States between 1900 and 2011?
Definition
barter system to economy
products to ideas
mechanical to literary
factory to anywhere
Term
What are the primary sector, the secondary sector, and the tertiary sector in relation to the economy? Which one is dominant in the US economy?
Definition
primary: raw resources
secondary: raw into goods
tertiary: products services not goods
Term
What are the primary differences between Capitalism and Socialism?
Definition
greater productivity vs less
high standard of living vs low
greater income inequality vs less
freedom to act vs freedom from want
Term
What is Welfare Capitalism?
Definition
capitalism with social programs
Term
What is State Capitalism?
Definition
private companies work with government
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