Term
| The traditional organization of the animal family tree of classification is based mostly on |
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Definition
| conservative anatomical characteristics. |
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Term
| Sponges possess unique, collared flagellated cells called |
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Definition
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| A characteristic that animals in the phylum Cnidaria share with flatworms is |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following characteristics is not seen in the phylum Platyhelminthes? |
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Definition
| specialization of digestive tract |
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Term
| One difference between the coelom found in the phylum Annelida (segmented worms) and the pseudocoel found in the phylum Nematoda (roundworms) is |
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Definition
| the pseudocoel develops between the mesoderm and the endoderm in roundworms and the coelem develops in the mesoderm in segmented worms. |
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Term
| Unlike other coelomate animal phyla, mollusks lack |
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Definition
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Term
| Segmentation, first seen in annelids, allows evolutionary advantages by |
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Definition
| specialization of segments to carry out different functions |
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Term
| The main limiting factor of arthropod size is |
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Definition
| the weight of the thick exoskeleton needed to support very large insects. |
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Term
| Echinoderms begin life as free swimming larvae with bilateral symmetry and then become adults with radial symmetry. Some biologists explain this change in symmetry as a change in form appropriate for |
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Definition
| an animal traveling through the environment to a form more appropriate to a sessile lifestyle. |
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Term
| What is an example of an animal that is NOT a chordate? |
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Definition
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Term
Animals consist of ? very different phyla
to judge which phyla are more closely related, taxonomists traditionally have compared ? |
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Definition
| 35; anatomical features and aspects of embryological development |
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Term
| The kingdom Animalia is traditionally divided into ? main branches based on tissue presence |
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Definition
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Term
| Parazoa possess neither ? nor ? and have no discernible symmetry. Example: ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eumetazoa have a ? shape and symmetry and, in most cases, ? organized into organs and organ systems |
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Definition
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Term
| Eumetazoans are divided into ? groups |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiata have ; this body plan is called |
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Definition
| radial symmetry and two embryological layers, an outer ectoderm and an inner endoderm; diploblastic |
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Term
| Bilateria have; this body plan is called |
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Definition
| bilateral symmetry and a third embryological layer, the mesoderm, that occurs between the ectoderm and the endoderm; triploblastic |
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Term
| molecular systematics offers a means to |
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Definition
| construct phylogenic trees using unique gene sequences as means to detect relatedness |
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Term
| The evolution of animals is marked by six key transitions in body plan |
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Definition
tissues
bilateral symmetry
body cavity
segmentation
molting
deuterostome development |
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Definition
| a body plan in which all parts of the body are arranged around a central axis |
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Term
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Definition
| a body plan with distinct right and left halves that are mirror images |
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Term
| The body cavity allowed for |
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Definition
| the support of organs, distribution of materials, and coordination of development |
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Term
| Bilateral animals can be divided into ? groups based on differences in the basic pattern of development |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the flatworms, nematodes, mollusks, annelids, and arthropods |
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Term
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Definition
| the echinoderms and the chordates |
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Term
| The subdivision of the body into ? is another key transition in the animal body plan |
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Definition
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Term
| Sponges are members of the phylum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flagellated cells that line the body cavity of the sponge and draw in water through the pores |
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Term
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Definition
| hydra, jellyfish, corals, and anemones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The members of the Radiata have a body plan that allows them to |
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Definition
| interact with their environment on all sides |
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Term
| A major evolutionary advance in the Radiata is |
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Definition
| extracellular digestion of food |
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Term
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Definition
digestion begins outside of cells in a gut cavity called the gastrovascular cavity
this form of digestion allows animals to digest an animal larger than itself |
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Term
| Cnidarians (phylum Cnidaria) are |
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Definition
| are carnivores that capture prey with tentacles that ring their mouths |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cnidarians have ? basic body forms |
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Definition
medusae are a floating form
polyps are a sessile form |
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Term
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Definition
| means that multiple planes cutting the organism in half will produce mirror images |
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Term
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Definition
| means that only one plane can cut the organism in half to produce mirror images |
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Term
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Definition
| development of a definite head |
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Term
| The bilaterally symmetrical eumetazoans produce ? embryonic layers, They are |
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Definition
ectoderm will develop into the outer coverings of the body and the nervous system
mesoderm will develop into the skeleton and muscles
endoderm will develop into the digestive organs and intestine |
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Term
| The ? are the simplest of all bilaterally symmetrical animals |
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Definition
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Term
| the largest phylum of solid worms is the Phylum |
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Definition
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Term
| ? are the simplest animals in which organs occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Most flatworms are ? but some are ? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are two classes of parasitic flatworms |
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Definition
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Term
| Flukes often require ? or more hosts to complete their life cycles |
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Definition
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Term
| Tapeworms are a classic example of |
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Definition
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Term
| the body of a tapeworm has been reduced to two primary functions |
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Definition
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Term
| most flatworms are ?, meaning that each individual contains both male and female reproductive structures |
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Definition
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Term
| The evolution of an internal body cavity helped improve the animal body design in three areas |
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Definition
circulation
movement
organ function |
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Term
| There are three basic kinds of body plans found in bilaterally symmetrical animals |
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Definition
acoelomates
pseudocoelomates
coelomates |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a body cavity (called a pseudocoel) located between the mesoderm and the endoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| a body cavity (called a coelom) that develops entirely within the mesoderm |
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Term
| the pseudocoel serves as a ? skeleton, a skeleton that gains its rigidity from fluids kept under pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest pseudocoelomate phylum is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| unsegmented, cylindrical worms covered by a flexible cuticle that is molted as they grow |
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Term
| The mouth of a nematode is often equipped with piercing organs called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small, aquatic organisms that have a crown of cilia at their heads |
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Term
| Coelomate animals are more successful than pseudocoelomates because of |
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Definition
| the nature of embryonic development |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in animal development in which one of the three primary embryonic tissues interacts with another |
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Term
| The mollusks, members of the phylum Mollusca, are the only coelomates without |
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Definition
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Term
| The body of a mollusk is comprised of three regions |
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Definition
a head-foot
a visceral mass containing the body’s organs
a mantle that envelopes the visceral mass and is associated with the gills |
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Term
| There are three major groups of mollusks; and they include |
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Definition
gastropods—include the snails and slugs
bivalves—include clams, oysters, and scallops
cephalopods—include the octopuses and squids |
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Term
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Definition
| the radula is a rasping tonguelike organ that bears rows of pointed, backward-curving teeth |
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Term
| the first segmented animals to evolve were the |
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Definition
| annelid worms, phylum Annelida |
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Term
| The basic body plan of an annelid is a |
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Definition
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Term
| The most successful of all animal groups is the phylum |
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Definition
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Term
| in addition to joints, arthropods have an exoskeleton made of |
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Definition
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Term
| Chelicerates are; they inclue |
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Definition
arthropods that lack jaws
they include spiders, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs |
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Term
| Mandibulates are ? ; they include |
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Definition
| arthropods with jaws;crustaceans, insects, centipedes, and millipedes |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of chelicerae, a pair of pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs |
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Term
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Definition
| two pairs of antennae, three pairs of chewing appendages, and various numbers of legs |
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Term
| all crustaceans pass through a larval stage called the |
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Definition
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Term
| Most abundant eukaryotes on earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insects have three body sections |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the mouth develops from or near the blastopore |
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Term
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Definition
| the anus forms from or near the blastopore; the mouth forms on another part of the blastula |
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Term
| Deuterostomes also differ from protostomes in three other fundamental ways |
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Definition
| the pattern of cleavage, fating of cells, origin of the coelom |
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Term
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Definition
| spiny skin” and refers to the endoskeleton of calcium-rich ossicles just beneath the echinoderm’s skin |
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Term
| A key adaptation of echinoderms is |
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Definition
| the water vascular system that aids movement |
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Term
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Definition
| deuterostomes that belong to the phylum Chordata |
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Term
| The approximately 56,000 species of chordates share four principal features |
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Definition
notochord
nerve cord
pharyngeal pouches
postanal tail |
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Term
| Vertebrate chordates differ from tunicates and lancelets in two important respects |
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Definition
vertebrates have a backbone
this replaces the role of the notochord
vertebrates have a distinct and well-differentiated head |
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