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| 1660-1789 literary characteristics |
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1. Neoclassicism
2. the novel
3. satire |
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| 1660-1789 historical currents |
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1. Empire (wars7 Act of Union)
2. Enlightenment/Age of Reason
3. Industrial Revolution |
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| organized interest in the New World; Jamestown and colonial identity |
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| post-Columbus, pre-Jamestown; exploration and conquest and discovery; disorganized interest in New World |
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| 1701 there must be a Protestant successor to the English throne; after glorious revolution |
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| 27 B.C. to 14 A.D.; origins of neoclassicism |
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| Neoclassicism in 18th century |
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| established a power sharing between royalty and Parliament; created after Glorious Revolution |
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| who are we(the authors) as people? english settlers didn't identify as English so had to create own identity |
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| fragile thing; obsessed about it falling apart aka Thomas Morton's rival community |
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| wrote Robinson Caruso; one of fathers of the novel; True Histories->travel narratives, modern heroism |
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| Features of Early American Literature |
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| between Jamestown and American Revolution; 1. dynamic relationship between new and old 2. nature as familiar eden but also wild 3. encounter of conquest, discovery, or assimilation |
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| a solitary speaker contemplates life and (mostly) death |
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| celebrate, usually nationalism |
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| salacious and sensational novels; part of amatory tales; not well respected; wrote "Love in Excess" |
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| Enlightenment/Age of Reason |
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| focus on man's rationality and inherent goodness; progress is good; equality and tolerance(for some people); philosophical inequality; empirical investigation; newton and locke |
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| a novel written in letters or diary entries; Pamela |
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| 1688 William of Orange and Mary invited by Parliament to overthrow Catholic king James II; he fled; james and followers tried to regain throne but failed |
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| second series of essays by Samuel Johnson; 1st was the rambler |
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| 1642-1727; part of the enlightenment; influenced Thomson's "Winter"; how light is perceived and interacts; God is still evident in actions and will |
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| followers of James II that sought to restore him to the throne; Tories through 1780s |
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| 1607; captain John Smith; transition from exploration to colonial identity |
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| John Foxe's The Acts and Monuments of the Church aka the Book of Martyrs |
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| 1563; details the Christian martyrs during the 16th century from religious persecution; influences milton and religious discourses; graphic detail; written in english; influenced bradford(ready to become martyrs) |
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| 1620; established order in Plymouth |
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| Narrative voice in Fielding |
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| plot is more important than character; non-transparent(the voice of the author is evident); omniscient and magisterial; lord of new realm of writing-I'm making things up and you have to deal with that |
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Swift; dominate aesthetic mindset of 18thc.; imitated imagined predecessors;
A. traditionalism-traditional art, no newness
B. Literature as art-specific rules to be good
C. Humanism-art should be about humans and human life |
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| Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded |
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| by Samuel Richardson; amatory tale |
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| moralizing tale about love's dangers |
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| comic&satire novel; about rogues; example-Joseph Andrews |
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| Fielding-plot is more important than character; very unusual for this time period |
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| travel narratives; Defoe's Robinson Caruso |
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| God has a contractual agreement with the believer(covenant) |
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| believer is the focus of an omnipotent deity; can be positive or negative; terrible things may happen, but it is part of the plan; everything in life is within a system of meaning that goes straight to God |
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| reform Church of England; way of life determined by spirit of moral and religious earnestness; conversion is necessary for redemption; salvation doesn't come from priests; predestination and Providence |
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| 1750-1752; 208 essays by Samuel Johnson |
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| 1660; Charles II took the throne, restoring the monarchy; started stress about religion |
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| wrote Clarissa (1749) and Pamela(1740); amatory tales; one of the fathers of the novel |
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| a literary art of diminishing or degradation a subject by making it ridiculous; desired end is derision; act of deflating |
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| Pope, Swift, and Gray; parody and literary hoaxes |
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| Pamela- maintaining virginity and her success; shows middle class progress |
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| After glorious revolution; Catholics can't be in Parliament |
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| Defoe-true histories; Richardson-amatory tales; Fielding-picaresque; doesn't account for the women who were also writing; 18th c. novel- 1publishing revolution 2greater literacy rates 3emerging middle class seeks to read |
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| long verse narrative on a serious topic told in a serious style; focused on a heroic figure doing heroic things; hero,grand setting, battles, gods, high ceremonial style |
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| poem which imitates epic's elaborate form and high style but applies it to things that are not ceremonious or high |
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| in Bradford; sold things to Indians and danced around May pole; tainted; show threats to community |
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| Jacobitism through 1780s; became conservative party |
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| made Glorious Revolution; became Liberal party in 19th century |
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| a Governor of Plymouth; lived long because was a man of God (Bradford) |
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