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Literary terms
Literary terms for the winter trimester
63
English
11th Grade
02/23/2009

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Term
allegory
Definition
a symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning
Term
alliteration
Definition
The repetition of initial identical consonant sounds or any vowel sounds
Term
allusion
Definition
A reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea assumed by the author to be sufficiently familiar to be recognized by the reader.
Term
anaphora
Definition
The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs.
Term
apostrophe
Definition
A direct address to an absent person, an abstract concept or an important object.
Term
Approximate rhyme
Definition
slant rhyme - includes words with any kind of sound similarity, from close to fairly remote.
Term
archetype
Definition
either initiation, journey, or fall
Term
assonance
Definition
The rhyming of a word with another in one or more of their accented vowels, but not in their consonants
Term
atmosphere
Definition
The prevailing tone or mood of a literary work, particularly when that mood is established in part by setting or landscape.
Term
character
Definition
An imaginary person that lives in a literary work.
Term
flat character
Definition
not fully developed
Term
round character
Definition
fully-developed, with many traits--bad and good--shown in the story.
Term
dynamic character
Definition
one who exhibits some kind of change-attitude, purpose, or behavior-as the story progresses.
Term
static character
Definition
one who remains the same from the beginning of a work to the end.
Term
protagonist
Definition
the central character (person, animal, or personified object) in the plot's conflict.
Term
antagonist
Definition
the force in conflict with the protagonist.
Term
character foil
Definition
a character whose traits are in direct contrast to those of the principal character.
Term
characterization (character development)
Definition
The creation of imaginary persons so that they seem lifelike.
Term
caricature
Definition
a verbal or pictorial representation in which the subject’s distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated or distorted to produce a comic or grotesque effect.
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
Contrasting light and shade for atmospheric and artistic effect.
Term
conflict
Definition
A struggle between opposing forces that drives the action of a story and is usually resolved by the end of the work.
Term
consonance
Definition
a resemblance in consonental sound between two words
Term
denouement
Definition
The final unravelling of a plot
Term
determinism
Definition
The belief that all ostensible acts of the will are actually the result of an unbroken chain of prior causes and occurrences.
Term
doppelganger
Definition
A mysterious double person who mirrors or shadows another character; this doubling or shadowing is a common literary motif.
Term
end rhyme
Definition
Rhymes that occur at the end of a line of poetry.
Term
effect
Definition
The totality of impression or the emotion impact of a story.
Term
ethos
Definition
the quality or set of emotions/traits that a speaker or writer enacts in order to affect an audience.
Term
euphemism
Definition
an inoffensive term substituted for one considered offensively blunt, coarse, or explicit
Term
fatalism
Definition
the doctrine that all events are subject to fate or inevitable predetermination.
Term
gothic
Definition
a literary style popular during the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th.
Term
identical rhyme
Definition
Rhyme that occurs between identically sounding words
Term
internal rhyme
Definition
Rhyme that occurs at some place before the last syllables in a line.
Term
irony
Definition
Generally, the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning.
Term
situational irony
Definition
when circumstances turn out to be the reverse of what was expected.
Term
dramatic irony
Definition
when a character’s words are understood by the reader or audience but not in the fullest to the character himself.
Term
verbal irony
Definition
when the attitude of the speaker is the opposite of his literal statement.
Term
logos
Definition
an appeal to the reader’s reason and rationality.
Term
metaphor
Definition
A comparison between two essentially unlike things without using “like” or “as.”
Term
tenor (of a metaphor)
Definition
the idea being expressed or the subject of the comparison.
Term
vehicle (of a metaphor)
Definition
the image by which this idea is conveyed or the subject is communicated.
Term
metonymy
Definition
The substitution of the name of an object closely associated with a word for the word itself.
Term
motif
Definition
a recurring object, word, concept, or structure in a work of literature.
Term
octet
Definition
A group of eight lines of verse; often the first eight lines of a sonnet. Also called an octave.
Term
parallelism
Definition
Phrases, clauses, parts of speech all need to remain consistent and parallel.
Term
pathos
Definition
the quality in art and literature that stimulates pity, tenderness, or sorrow.
Term
perfect rhyme
Definition
conventionally share all sounds following the word's last stressed syllable.
Term
personification
Definition
A figure of speech that endows animals, ideas, abstractions, and inanimate objects with human form.
Term
picaresque novel
Definition
A chronicle, usually autobiographical, presenting the life story of a rascal of low degree engaged in menial tasks and making his living more through his wits than his industry.
Term
point of view
Definition
the outlook from which the events of the story are narrated
Term
Third Person Omniscient
Definition
seeing all and knowing all
Term
Third Person Restricted
Definition
the author limits his observations to the field of vision, experience, and knowledge to one character only
Term
first person
Definition
one of the characters tells the story
Term
naive narrator
Definition
A first person narrator who doesn’t understand the implications of the action
Term
unreliable narrator
Definition
One who distorts the truth of the narrative
Term
plot
Definition
the action of a work of literature
Term
predestination
Definition
The belief that before creation, God, in his omniscience and omnipotence, knew and determined the fate of the universe through all space and time.
Term
romanticism
Definition
a literary and philosophical theory that tends to see the individual at the center of all life
Term
satire
Definition
A work or manner that blends a critical attitude with humor and wit for improving human institutions or humanity
Term
setting
Definition
The background against which action takes place
Term
synecdoche
Definition
A figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part ("wheels" for car)
Term
symbol
Definition
Something that suggests more than its actual, literal meaning
Term
pathos
Definition
the quality in art and literature that stimulates pity, tenderness, or sorrow.
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