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| the inclusion of elements in a story that hint as some later development in the same story. |
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is the difference between what is said and what is meant. The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; a statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea.
Three kinds of irony:
1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and means something else.
Ex. Clear like dirt
2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.
Briony watching Cecilia and Robbie.
3. irony of situation is a discrepancy between the expected result and actual results.
Gail puts laundry on clothesline to dry and it rains. |
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| a narrative too focused on a certain character. |
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is when the main character undergoes an adventure and changes as a result.
Example: The Hobbit |
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the comparison of two UNLIKE things.
Simile, personification, anthropomorphism, hyperbole, parable (Biblical), fable, and analogy are metaphors. |
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| is rhymed words at the ends of lines |
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1. The appearance of truth; the quality of seeming to be true.
2. Something that has the appearance of being true or real. |
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The perspective (visual, interpretive, bias, etc.) a text takes when presenting its plot and narrative.
For instance, an author might write a narrative from a specific character’s point of view, which means that that character is our narrator and readers experience events through his or her eyes. |
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A kind of literature.
For instance, comedy, mystery, tragedy, satire, elegy, romance, and epic are all genres. |
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A term used to describe an author’s use of vivid descriptions “that evoke sense-impressions by literal or figurative reference to perceptible or ‘concrete’ objects, scenes, actions, or states”.
Imagery can refer to the literal landscape or characters described in a narrative or the theoretical concepts an author employs. |
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| The sequence of events that occur through a work to produce a coherent narrative or story. |
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| Spoken exchanges between characters in a dramatic or literary work, usually between two or more speakers. |
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| Comprised of an author’s diction, syntax, tone, characters, and other narrative techniques, “style” is used to describe the way an author uses language to convey his or her ideas and purpose in writing. An author’s style can also be associated to the genre or mode of writing the author adopts, such as in the case of a satire or elegy with would adopt a satirical or elegiac style of writing. |
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The narrator is the voice telling the story or speaking to the audience. However, this voice can come from a variety of different perspectives, including:
First person: A story told from the perspective of one or several characters, each of whom typically uses the word “I.” This means that readers “see” or experience events in the story through the narrator’s eyes.
Second person: A narrative perspective that typically addresses that audience using “you.” This mode can help authors address readers and invest them in the story.
Third person: Describes a narrative told from the perspective of an outside figure who does not participate directly in the events of a story. This mode uses “he,” “she,” and “it” to describe events and characters. |
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| This figure of speech refers to an address to “a dead or absent person, or an abstraction or inanimate object”( |
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| Word choice, or the specific language an author, narrator, or speaker uses to describe events and interact with other characters. |
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| According to Baldick, “The repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consonants of words or of stressed syllabus—in any sequence of neighboring words”. Alliteration is typically used to convey a specific tone or message. |
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| The height of conflict and intrigue in a narrative. This is when events in the narrative and characters’ destinies are most unclear; the climax often appears as a decision the protagonist must make or a challenge he or she must overcome in order to for the narrative obtain resolution. |
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| a figure of speech that compares two people, objects, elements, or concepts using “like” or “as.” |
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| exaggerated language, description, or speech that is not meant to be taken literally, but is used for emphasis. For instance, “I’ve been waiting here for ages” or “This bag weighs a ton.” |
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| A way of communicating information (in writing, images, or sound) that conveys an attitude. Authors convey tone through a combination of word-choice, imagery, perspective, style, and subject matter. By adopting a specific tone, authors can help readers accurately interpret meaning in a text. |
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| When a text references, incorporates, or responds to an earlier piece (including literature, art, music, film, event, etc). T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922) offers an extensive example of allusion in literature. According to Baldick, “The technique of allusion is an economical means of calling upon the history or the literary tradition that author and reader are assumed to share”. |
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| a literary mode that attempts to convert abstract concepts, values, beliefs, or historical events into characters or other tangible elements in a narrative. Examples include, Gulliver’s Travels, The Faerie Queene, Pilgrim’s Progress, and Paradise Lost. |
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| denouement or "falling action" |
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| The ________ of a narrative, when the climax and central conflicts are resolved and a resolution is found. In a play, this is typically the last act and in a novel it might include the final chapters. |
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| An ______ is a poem that addresses a person or object that can't talk back and sings the praises of the poem's subject. Keats speaking to Autumn (season) as if it is a real person. |
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| iambic pentameter or "blank verse" |
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So iambic pentameter is a kind of rhythmic pattern that consists of five iambs per line, almost like five heartbeats: daDUM daDUM daDUM daDUM daDUM.
An iamb is a metrical foot that consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one—daDUM.
Penta- means five.
Meter refers to a regular rhythmic pattern in poetry. |
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| a speech given where no one is present to hear it. (Speaker getting his emotions out/letting us know what he is thinking). |
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a theory of writing in which the ordinary, familiar, or mundane aspects of life are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner that is presumed to reflect life as it actually is.
Clare walking to work.
Cecilia changing dress for dinner three times. |
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| a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the importance of the individual. Also the beauty and simplicity of nature. |
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